My holiday in Spain Essay Example for Free

My holiday in Spain Essay I have been to many different holiday places but I have chosen salou because they were many different places to visit and loads of things to do. I went to Spain when I was 14 years old, with my family. I stayed in a hotel called port salou it had two very large swimming pools inside and out. The weather was fabulous and the food was delicious. The first place we visited was the beach. All I could hear was the waves crashing against the warm sandy shore. The sand was golden and warm to walk on people were bathing and doing activities on the beach such as volley ball and jet skiing. The best activity I remember was the banana boat. Then we visited Barcelona zoo, in the zoo was an aquarium there were many varieties of fish and mammals, the ones that I remember the most was the huge man eating sharks their big black eyes were like shiny pebbles I could also see their razor sharp teeth which were like shards of glass. There was also an aviary full of tropical, colourful parrots squawking and fooling around in the trees. Then we approached the reptile house and a collection of primates. Hosting the worlds only albino gorilla. The albino gorilla was the main attraction at Barcelona zoo drawing in many crowds. The next place we visited was the camp Nou stadium football ground, home to Barcelona football club. Barcelona football ground was enormous holding 98,000 spectators. We were allowed to stand on every tier to see how high they were. we were not allowed on the pitch as they were a small group training. We then went to the museum to see all the trophies Barcelona had won. I was amazed there was a lot all placed in large glass cabinets. Along side the trophies were every kit Barcelona had worn over the years. There were also footballs with Barcelonas badge on which had been used in big games. The final place we visited was port Ventura a large theme park not far away from salou. It had one of the worlds largest roller coasters, and had many other attractions including shows, large play areas my sister enjoyed. We spent a full day there and didnt manage to see every attraction. The absolute best part of my holiday was the Barcelona football stadium, without a doubt the sizes was unbelievable. I also enjoyed the museum because I liked looking at the trophies. I couldnt stop looking at the kits and how much they had changed over the years. On the way out we visited the gift shop I bought a Barcelona football and football shirt it was my favourite visit of the holiday salou was one of the most enjoyable holidays I have ever had and a place I would like to visit in the future. then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then . then Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Self Liberation Passive Resistance And Active Resistance History Essay

Self Liberation Passive Resistance And Active Resistance History Essay The earliest form of forced labour in the West Indies was the encomienda which utilized the Neo-Indian) people and resulted in the near decimation of their entire population. This was followed by the system of white indentured labour which brought immigrants from Ireland, England and Wales. This did not last very long because of the fact that the Europeans were not accustomed to the tropical climate of the West Indies and did not survive in such harsh working conditions. This was then followed by African enslavement which brought millions of people from the coast of West Africa From the outset one notes that systems of slavery existed and predated their imposition in the Caribbean region. There were different concepts as to the duties and responsibilities of both slave and master- concept of slavery always present in almost every recorded human civilisation ( e.g. Greece, Rome, China, Russia, Saudi Arabia, India, Africa ) but each differing from the other. In the British West Indies the slavery system was referred to as Chattel Slavery. This was a system whereby the slaves and their offspring were enslaved during their lifetime and were the sole property of the owner. The slaves were be bought and sold as commodities. This therefore meant that conditions were very inhumane and psychologically destructive to any human being. From the 16th Century until Emancipation in 1834 this form of slavery was made legal and supported by the British government and was implemented in their colonies. The causes for the Emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies can be interpreted in many different ways with Self Liberation (Resistance and Revolts) being at the forefront, the changing Economic climate in England at the time and The Abolitionist Movement. Each of these played an important role in the Emancipation of slavery but it was the incessant revolts which impacted the most and in the process gained recognition from entire the British population. 1.0 Self-Liberation-Passive Resistance and Active Resistance From the inception of African slavery there have been records of many forms of resistance. From the time of capture to the plantation there were forms of resistance by the African slaves. The slaves did not passively accepted slavery and it conditions. It showed that they were determined to fight for their freedom no matter what the cost was. Almost every year there was some form of revolts on the plantation in individually or in groups. There were many daily disruptions the by the slaves as forms of protest and resistance. Slave Resistance can be looked in two ways. Passive Resistance which includes the following: Running Away Most Significant form of non-violent resistance. Easy to do (Physically) A destination however was needed (Sometimes not to be found). Jamaica, Trinidad, St. Vincent, and Guyana were good territories to run away in. The Maroons were runaways who stayed runaways. They set up their own communities apart from the plantation society. The Jamaica Maroons fought two major wars with the British and won which forced the granting of their freedom with a signed treaty. In the treaty they agreed to return all runaways to their masters. Many resources were spent by the plantation owners to catch the runaway slaves. They therefore had to discourage others from trying to do it. It contained many risks trying to recapture runaway slaves. Starvation Slaves starved themselves to death. To lessen their workload. This resulted in a decline of production in the plantation and also caused the owner to lose money if the slave died. Faking Illnesses Not being able to work. Most instances the master did not care but in instances where he thought it was contagious the slave would get rest. Again this disrupted the daily activities in production and the slave still had to be fed. Go Slow This was difficult to succeed. Most times there was a potential for the slave to be whipped. It was high risk to the slaves. In a way the slaves took risks of being punished at the same time trying to form resistances against being enslaved. Sabotage Damage equipment in the factory. Burn sugar cane crop. Kill Animals This was all extremely dangerous but was accomplished. It was highly effective because it resulted in the owner losing money making production of the crop to decline. They were times slaves were put to death if found out. Cultural Retention A vested interest by the slave masters was to take away their culture resulted in dehumanizing the slaves. A practice of drumming which the slaves was an important activity in African culture and religion. It was as type of identity for the slaves. However some of the slaves still practiced it. In removing culture and religion of the slaves, other cultures developed such as a mixture of the African religion with Christianity. By doing this it showed a form of resistance by the slaves. In doing so the slaves maintained form of communication unknown to the masters which enabled their revolts to be started. Educating Oneself It was felt to be most dangerous if slaves were able to read and understand what was communicated by the masters. Being knowledgeable was considered to be dangerous to the slave master because other slaves could be educated as well. By being knowledgeable the other slaves would be informed of what is taking place such as the news of the Haitian Revolt by slaves. Most slave societies had laws banning teaching slaves to read and write. Active Resistance which includes the following: Suicide Slaves killed themselves rather than have to live in such horrible conditions. This resulted in the slave masters to lose money on their investment. . Infanticide Even though the women protected their children they were prepared to save these children from the life they lived and had endured. This meant killing their infant instead of them being born as slaves. Poisoning Most revolts were started by women slaves who tried to poison their masters. Many slave women had knowledge of poisonous plants and used it against the owners. It was always on the minds of owners being poisoned by slave women who cooked for them. Open Revolt and Rebellion It must be noted that the only successful slave revolt was in Haiti in 1804.However many revolts were attempted in the British West Indies. The slave owners controlled how things were done in the plantation the way of life of the slaves but they could never have controlled the minds of the enslaved individual who only thought was freedom. The Major Revolts in the British West Indies Barbados Rebellion in 1816 In 1816 a major rebellion broke out led by an African born slave Bussa. It was spread across one third of the island and included seventy plantations. It was properly organized by the slaves wanting their freedom and a better way of life. By the time the revolt was over a quarter of the sugar cane crop was lost. It resulted in the execution of 214 slaves and the displacement of others who were sold off or shipped out. However it did accomplished a tremendous loss of income to the plantation owners. The Demerara Rebellion in 1823 With sugar prices down slaves were pushed harder in the sugar cane fields so as to increase the production levels. This resulted in a major rebellion in 1823 in Demerara organized by Quamina and Smith. It involved about 9000 slaves. It resulted in the death and injury of many enslaved people. It must be noted that no plantation owners or their families were hurt as in previous rebellion. The Jamaica Rebellion in 1831 The island on Jamaica had a numerous rebellions a total of 16 from 1655 to 1813.However the largest one took place in 1831. It started when enslaved people demanded payment for the work been done. It was led by Samuel Sharpe and it involved 20,000 slaves who took control of over 200 estates and seized a vast amount of land. It was eventually controlled resulting in the loss of live of 200 slaves and 14 British planters. This rebellion lasted several months and took the effort of the British troops and local militia to suppress it. The impact of this rebellion made the British realised the dangers and cost of continuing slavery because this rebellion dealt a very severe blow to the economic value of the plantation system in Jamaica. Thus it can be seen the main reason more and more historians are holding firm of the view that the slaves were themselves responsible for their own freedom. The slave population had vastly outnumbered the Europeans at that time. In number there is strength and the slaves were not going to tolerate being enslaved and dehumanized without putting up a fight. Most important the plantation owners had begun living a life of fear by the high number of revolts which placed their lives in danger even though more slaves died during and after any rebellion than whites. Therefore the threat of more rebellion caused the British to change its position of continuing slavery and whether it was economically viable enough to continue with the plantation system. 2.0 The Change in Economic Policies in England Nearing the end of the 18th century the profitability of the plantation and the system of slavery was in decline. This in a way contributed to the abolition of the slave trade in 1807 which was no longer profitable. The Industrial Revolution had started in England at this time and the economy was moving to a capitalist system. Britain no longer needed good that had been produced under the plantation system and which had to be heavily subsidized by the government Factories in Manchester had begun producing and employing thousands of workers producing goods like cotton which was in heavy demand and very profitable. This rapid growth of Industrialization required huge capital and money from the slavery made was now invested heavily in new factories instead of supporting a now non profitable plantation system. Sugar from the British West Indies could not be sold on the open market in England for a profit and as a result warehouses were overstocked. This was because of the open market system which allowed sugar to be purchased from the cheapest source such as Cuba and Brazil. At the same time too France was producing beet sugar which was cheaper and of a high quality too. Previously the British had imposed heavy taxes on sugar not produced by the British plantation. In this capitalist environment it was difficult for the government to have continued with a socialist economy. In addition the constant threat of revolts by the slaves made the situation worse for the planters. The revolts which occurred resulted in loss of valuable properties such as factories and white human lives. They the plantation system were no longer important to the thriving economic progress which took place in England .The new manufactures and now middle class no longer felt obligated to support a system which no longer brought in a huge sum of money. This resulted in the plantation owners to lose whatever allies and support they had at home. 3.0 The Church, the Abolitionist Movement and Reformation in Government During this period the British experienced had a rebirth in their Christian faith and the thinking of every man being a brother of another. Therefore slavery was now thought of as being very un-Christian and resulted in the Church joining the Abolitionist movement to end slavery. This caused the Church to become actively involved in the emancipation process. The Abolitionist wanted to see the end of slavery as soon as possible and now had tremendous power in parliament with a two-third majority. The plantation now had no lobbying power in parliament. Their campaign included prominent figures such as William Wilberforce who was an MP in parliament and Thomas Buxton who succeeded him. There were also radical figures as Thomas Clarkson whose group mounted tremendous pressures on the British parliament and government. This campaign led to the passage of the Emancipation Act in 1833 and which became law on 1st August 1834. The white working class in cities such as Manchester had begun to get signed petition to end slavery. They began a campaign which soon spread rapidly joining with the Abolitionist movement. In a way these humanitarians efforts did in a way hasten the emancipation process. The average working class citizens had begun to realize that the African slaves were their brothers and started to adopt a more humane stance. It must be noted that the plantation owners were given a grant of 20 million which for compensation for the loss of property and for ending slavery. This helped to enable the plantation owners to keep their properties and control of power intact. The African slaves got absolutely nothing except their so called freedom. The now freed slaves had no money or land to survive making the process of actually having to survive extremely difficult. Conclusion

Principles Of Information Security And Governance Information Technology Essay

Principles Of Information Security And Governance Information Technology Essay The progress and expansion of the field of information technology and worldwide network has given birth to the issues like, violation of information security, hacking and virus attacks. Information security governance play vital role in providing regular protection of information from a wide range of threats to ensure business continuity. It helps minimize risk factors, maximize profits, investment returns, and boost the reputation. Virus attacks, hacking and information theft are some of the basic dangers faced by many organizations, and the solution lies not only in the hands of technology but management as well. Information security failure or poor management lead to business and financial loss and reputation damage. I will be shedding light upon the principles, risk factors, privacy threats and then the required strategies, policies and procedures for administration and management of an information security and governance program in my organization. Information Security Governance A structured framework of policies, procedures and authority of handling, sharing and recording information securely and confidentially is termed as information security governance (NHS, 2005). A successful information security governance in an organization ensures the confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication and identification, authorization, accountability and privacy (Whitman and Mattord, 2009, p. xvii) of information and data related to security and reputation of an organization. Information governance in an organization requires teamwork, where all the staff members are aware of the importance of the confidentiality of information. This framework makes sure that the information and data is secure with accuracy and also that the information are shared and recorded in compliance with all the legal and lawful procedures and proper set of rules and guidelines (Simmons, Scott, et al., 2006). Information security governance compliments the Information technology and corporate governance and is an important segment of both. Most of the companies in order to provide a contemporary environment to the information system of governance are using internationally recognised frameworks like; COBIT and ISO 17799. The Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) is a framework designed in 1992, by the IT Governance Institute (ITGI) and the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA). This framework works for the IT management in implementing and developing the Information security governance on a wider platform. It includes the threat analysis, risk assessment, cost estimation as well as countermeasures and future (Solms, 2005). Figure 1 : Proposed Integrated IT Governance Framework (Dahlberg and Kivijà ¤rvi, 2006). Figure 1 shows a proposed integrated IT governance framework. A successful information governance structure builds on the integration between the structural and processes perspectives of IT governance, business-IT alignment, and senior executives needs (Dahlberg and Kivijà ¤rvi, 2006, p. 1). The framework requires the involvement of the management board, executive and subject steering committees, service delivery teams and all the staff members related to the networking, systems, applications, desktops and cross functional works (Richardson, 2010, Q 3). Implementation and administration of IT security are carried out by the Information security management of the organisation which help identify the levels of requirements. Information security management follows a methodology or framework which include top management commitment and information security policies (Ghonaimy, El-Hadidi, et al., 2002). Information security governance ensures that the information security management establish, implement, monitor, and review these procedures and policies in order to meet the business objectives of the organization (Pironti, 2008). The Information security team is responsible for handling security issues regarding the safety and confidentiality of companys information and data protection. It also helps maintain the integrity and availability of information. Information security management deals with the security team, organisational culture, change management, assessment risk factors, people and risk behaviour. It is responsible for the deve lopment of strategies, policies and procedures to reduce threats, risks and attacks. The Security team presents to the management team the security analysis, reviews and implementation plans (Parker, 1981). Information Security issues and risk factors A hack, a virus or a denial-of-service attack may have the effect of halting business operations (Ross, 2008, p 1). The main dangers faced by many organizations include, identity theft, leakage of personal information, data manipulation and modification and improper access to security passwords and secure areas. Widespread IT security risks include; malware, hacking the system, terrorism, extortion, people and non compliance behaviour of the staff and mangers. These dangers can affect the overall reputation of the company and stakeholders become concerned. Main losses and threats include; loss of Confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity and reliability of information, which require protection (Stoneburner, Goguen, et al., 2002). Confidentiality threat means the unauthorised access to secure information. The breach of confidentiality can occur in number of ways, like the absence of the screen savers on the personal computers and laptops would invite dangers like leakage of data information as staff members or any external visitor with bad intentions can easily access them. Similarly, the post-it notes with id and passwords reminders would pose the same violence of confidentiality. Secondly, the direct access to the server room key would be like inviting security theft and accessibility of the unauthorised person (Stoneburner, Goguen, et al., 2002). Integrity implies unauthorised modification and manipulation of data. Unauthorised access implies leakage of important information which could mean that anyone can steal or misuse the confidential information of the company and this could lead to the distribution; alteration and stealing of personal data and identities of key personnel and hacking and virus attacks on the organization secure system. An employee can misuse the data information by changing the main figures, mistyping or deleting important information by accident or on purpose. When members of staff take the official laptops home with unencrypted personal information, this could mean the leakage and distribution of confidential data going in the wrong hands (Stoneburner, Goguen, et al., 2002). Availability means providing accessibility only to the authorised users. Loss of availability of data could be caused by attacks like hacking, virus or hardware failure. Unavailability of system to the end-users could mean for example affecting the productivity time and hence affecting the organisational goals of the company (Stoneburner, Goguen, et al., 2002). There are number of other issues and risk factors regarding information security that can threaten the Information security governance. Lack of professionalism of the employees can generate many high risk issues, for example, sending unofficial emails within the organization indicate improper use of internet, which is wrong and unethical. Plus if someone is incharge of companys high risk or sensitive data information then internet browsing or emailing can easily invite virus attacks or hacking. Information Security Strategies, Policies and Procedures These risk factors and security issues require proper security policies and advanced framework. Although the HR department already possess a set of security policies and procedures but they are seldom implemented. The information security governance program works with the risk management program with strategies, security policies and procedures to work effectively in providing a completely secure environment. Information governance ensures application of all the security policies (Nagarajan, 2006). Risk analysis is very important before implementing information security rules, strategies, policies and controls. Risk analysis forms the basis of risk management system. Implementations of information security in an organization comprise six major activities: Policy development, understanding roles responsibilities, suitable information security design, regular monitoring, security awareness, training and education. Now in order to achieve reliable information security essential elements of control within the organization is required. Security controls include technical and non-technical controls. Technical Control Technical control provides logical protection by implementing protective software into the system. This includes; access control mechanisms, identification and authentication mechanisms, data encryption, access control list and intrusion detection system, plus other software and hardware controls. Computer security can be achieved by creating strong passwords, updated anti-viruses anti-malwares, firewalls, screen savers, proper encryption and creating backup files (Stoneburner, Goguen, et al., 2002). Keeping in minds that the passwords should be strong and well protected and employees must not share them with anyone and these passwords should be changed periodically. Organisations must have incident response procedures which include the backup generators for electric failure and off-location data centres in case of natural disasters or accidents. Non-technical Controls Management control include management and administration of security policies, operational measures, risk assessments and training and education. Management control is responsible for educating staff members to guide them in handling the case sensitive data and information through a suitable security awareness program. HR team should conduct a proper background check on the employees and especially on the ones who are incharge of handling confidential information in addition to providing proper training to the staff members. The administrative control should also inform employees the UK legislation and laws of data protection that are in place. Internet threats can be handled by educating staff member and creating an awareness of confidentiality, prohibiting web browsing, chatting and useless emailing within the computers containing confidential information and downloading software from unknown or unprotected sources. Moreover, their level of computer literacy must be analysed in or der to identify their capabilities in handling information. It must also administer the authorization and re-authorization of the system (Stoneburner, Goguen, et al., 2002). Security awareness program should provide security training and must also analyse the level of computer literacy in each employee. Information security officer must administer and implement information security awareness program, which should include providing training and awareness to the senior management, staff and employees involved in handling data information as well as educating the end-users or the clients. Involvement of all the users within the organisation is essential (Ghonaimy, El-Hadidi, et al., 2002). Operational control include physical control and environmental security. It plays a vital role in implementing administrative and technical controls. Operational security ensures the quality of electric supply, humidity, temperature controls and physical facility protection system. Some examples include; backup generator, physical intrusion detection systems like alarms and motion detectors. This system also monitors and controls physical accesses to the secured areas, some examples include; locks, doors, cameras, security guards and fencing (Stoneburner, Goguen, et al., 2002). The HR department should provide security awareness training to the staff members and must make sure that when appointing a new employee, the contract of employment must include the security policies and procedures. These security controls should be revised and renewed annually in order to achieve successful information security. All these essential controls and security awareness program must be implemented by the Human Resource department. Information security culture Peoples behaviour and attitude towards their working atmosphere forms the organisational culture of the organisation. Information security culture evolves from the behaviour and attitudes of the people towards confidentiality, integrity and availability of the organisational information and knowledge. It includes people, training, processes and communication because the inside behaviour poses a more serious threat to the security of information than outside behaviour (Ghonaimy, El-Hadidi, et al., 2002, p. 204). It is therefore essential to understand and analyse the organisational and corporate culture of the organisation as well as the need to change the security culture within the organisation. Threat analysis would indicate how much the organisational culture contributes towards the violation of security and it should be changed accordingly by educating staff members (Ghonaimy, El-Hadidi, et al., 2002). Figure 2 describes a proposed information security culture in an organisation. Figure 2 : A proposed information security culture (Ghonaimy, El-Hadidi, et al., 2002). A healthy security culture is achieved when people in the environment are trained to handle the clients confidential information securely and are completely aware of the threats and dangers around them regarding information theft; hacking and virus/malware attacks and they should be trained to handle these situations with confidence and responsibilities (Richardson, 2010, p. 3). Information security culture can change the organisational culture in a positive way. For example, the staff must understand that if servicing or repairing is required than this should only be handled by an authorized person. Security culture depends upon the managerial attitude, including the top management, security awareness and training and awarding of security conform behaviour (Ghonaimy, El-Hadidi, et al., 2002). Risk Management System However, the information security policy alone cannot be counted upon to effectively eliminate these threats because it narrowly focuses on the use of technology to mitigate threats as the nature of threats and attacks have changed to become highly targeted, highly effective and nonadvertised (Pironti, 2008, p. 1). Therefore a proper risk management model is compulsory. The ever changing faces of attacks and dangers on the information security require proper risk management system which must be understood and supported by the senior management and business leaders of the organization, to identify and finalize investment levels utilizing proper information protection and risk management capabilities. Moreover, regular reporting is essential to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Information Risk management practices. This model will definitely improve the efficiency of the information security team in following the Risk management teams decisions, which is made by the higher officials, who can have the valuable approach towards information infrastructure and can make these decisions effectively. The corrective approach of a successful risk management program depends upon the presence of a single team leader (Pironti, 2008). Information risk management program helps in characterizing and analyzing whole system of companys information highlighting risk factors and information infrastructure. It combines individual functional capabilities into one single well managed and well oriented organization enhancing business strategies. It increases the efficiency of security teams. It produces a bridge of confidence and communication between the team and the leaders. This program provide protection against wide range of threats in terms of security theft not by limiting access but by evaluating appropriateness and requirement of extent of that access, which in turn does not stop an organization to achieve their targets (Pironti, 2008). Conclusion In order to achieve a level of satisfaction in terms of confidentiality, integrity and availability of companys case sensitive information and data protection, reliable information security governance is required. This framework must include the implementations, renewal and revision of the strategies and policies within the organisation, understanding the need to change the organisational security culture and monitoring and management of the information security team with the supervision of the top management. However with the expansion of global network day by day, there are major risk factors of viruses and malware which require a risk management system as well. These policies, strategies and procedures must be implemented through the HR department including hiring and training of security officers and staff members with the approval of the top management. Appendix A: Summary of the paper presentation Key Elements of an Information Risk Management Program As part of our MSc assessment we were asked to take part in a paper presentation on the key elements of an Information Risk Management system based on a paper written by John Pironti, which was published in 2008 in the Information Systems Control Journal, Volume 2. Information security has become more challenging with the ever-changing and evolving faces of threats in the information processing. The adversary creates a new threats as soon as the defender develops and implements the defensive controls. The defenders get affected by the ethics, rules, knowledge, time, and lack of investment and resources. The adversaries can only be defeated by a suitable Risk management approach by using available assets, resources and potential. Policies, procedures and processes complemented by technology prove far more effective in mitigating security threats than the technology alone. Information security only relies upon the technology to create defences against threats that can easily be downloaded or purchased. The reason is that these components require proper implementation and operation. The organizations Information Risk Management approach identifies which information to protect and the level of protection required to align with organizational goals. It must be understood and supported by the senior management and business leaders of the organization, to identify and finalize investment levels utilizing proper information protection and risk management capabilities. Team Structures in most of the companies today have segregated leaders with the title chief, which is of no significance as the main chief has limited access to the senior positions and business strategies. In order to meet current challenges, all these independent capabilities must be united on a single platform as Information Risk Management program. Information Risk Management Program helps in characterizing and analyzing the whole system of companys information highlighting risk factors and information infrastructure. It combines individual functional capabilities into one single well managed and well oriented organization enhancing business strategies lead by the Chief Risk Officer. The leader becomes the focal point to produces a bridge of confidence and communication between team and leaders regarding all communications about risk identification, mitigation and management. This program provide protection against wide range of threats not by limiting access but by evaluating appropriateness and requirement of extent of that access, which does not stop an organization to achieve their targets. This team leader has regular access to higher officials to provide them correct and update information regarding risk factors and business strategies. Key performance indicators are essential measurement tools for the performance of a business function, process or capability. These indicators need to be assigned thresholds to ensure that they are working within normal limits. The key elements of risk management program include; presence of a Chief Information Risk Officer, Information security, Physical security, compliance, privacy, financial risk, market strategy risk, business operations risks, risk methods, practices, key performance analysis effectiveness, cultural awareness, training, communications, strategy governance and risk oversight board and committee. Information Risk Management serves as a mature progression of information security. The Risk management program structures the Risk management, utilizing existing capabilities and provides a 360 degree holistic view of security risks within the organization. Appendix B: Discussion generated from the paper presentation Q. What do you mean by the holistic view of risks that affect productivity and success? A. A holistic view implies focusing from a high perspective and ensuring that all the organisational requirements are met with relevant policies, processes and procedures complimented by technology rather than certain technical area on which the information security team focuses on. Q. How would you convince the businesses that such a wide model of Risk management program can get implemented with the requirement of so many resources? A. This program probably applies mostly to the larger organisations with more number of people involving different levels so that they are able to map on this new mature model, explaining the benefits and understanding why change the structure of the information governance. Another key element to highlight would be that this model re-uses the existing resources within the organisation. Q. Who decide the key performance indicators in the policy and standards maintained by the Risk Management program? A. Normally it would be something which is discussed by all the actual relevant departments rather than the IT department telling you what your KPI should be. It will be coming from a higher level and senior management. Appendix C: References

War on Drugs Causes the Viloation of Individual Rights Essays -- Expos

Everyone knows the parable of the emperor with no clothes. The significance of a child being the one to point out the emperor's nudity, as opposed to a sermonizing preacher or self-righteous intellectual, is simple to understand. Neither morality nor logic was responsible for stripping the emperor's veil of falsehood. All it took was the truth. One can't help but think of this when considering Gary Johnson, the Republican governor of New Mexico, who, despite pressure from power brokers at the top of his own party, has proclaimed that the emperor that is this country's war on drugs is not only naked to the world, but that its body is festering with the sores of moral decay and corruption. In the governor's own words, "The drug problem is getting worse. It's not getting better ... It needs to get talked about, and one of the things that's going to get talked about is decriminalization." He continues: "What I'm trying to do here is launch discussion ... I think it is the number one problem facing this country today... We really need to put all options on the table" (Albuquerque Journal, June 24, 1999). Not wishing to make a statement without providing viable ideas to support it, Johnson said that changing laws regarding the possession of marijuana would be a logical "first step" since pot is "probably the least dangerous of the identified narcotic drugs that we have" (Albuquerque Journal, July 1, 1999 and Hobbs News-Sun, July 2, 1999). Johnson is not simply grandstanding, as the facts of the situation point out clearly. Despite massive expenditures, the simple fact is that the war on drugs is a total failure. There is more, not less, drug-related violent crime in the United States today than 30 years ago. Far from pro... ...guaranteed by the Constitution. Undeniably, it is a violation of the basic principles of human dignity used to formulate the Constitution. Irrefutably, it provides an almost irresistible temptation for police abuse. And this is one of the mildest forms of enforcement in the hands of the drug warriors. In light of such bleak evidence, it is clear that the drug war has created no winners, but an abundance of losers. The biggest losers are the American citizens, who have seen their cherished rights discarded and continue to suffer decaying schools, nonexistent or inadequate health care, and crumbling infrastructure in poor and rural areas. And still, billions of dollars are poured into a campaign that is nothing more than a ponderous artifact with no place in a free society. The drug war failed a long time ago, and it's time to let it die. That is the naked truth.

The Internet Essays -- The Internet

Whether you’re an average teenager wanting to keep in touch with friends after school, or a business person needing a low cost but effective way to keep work related material local and secret, chances are you use E-Mail or Instant Messaging services. For communication purposes in this high tech lifestyle that exists today, these systems are used only with the basic understanding needed to run these devices. You are about to learn how these systems came to be and the in depth understanding needed to make them work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To start with, you must know that they require a system of computers connected to a LAN (Local Area Network) server. The most commonly used and largest LAN server in the world is the Internet. Since the internet hosts the majority of all IM (Instant Messaging) and E-Mail servers, then you must know the beginnings of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Internet’s precursor was the ARPANET. The ARPANET was a large wide-area network created by the United States Defense Advanced Research project Agency (ARPA). Established in 1969 ARPANET served as a test-bed for new networking technologies, linking many universities and research centers. The first two nodes that formed the ARPANET were UCLA and the Stanford Research Institute, followed by the University of Utah. Because of his unique expertise in data networking Len Kleinrock would use the technology which by then had come to be known as â€Å"packet switching†. When TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) was adopted by the ARPANET as its connection for the networks, the Internet was born.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first email message was sent by Len Kleinrock in 1973. He used the Resource-Sharing Executive program (RSEXEC) to send a message to a man in London that he forgot his razor in his room and to retrieve it while at the international meeting for government funding projects like the ARPANET from other countries. To do so he first had to run the RSEXEC program in his home in Los Angeles and then had to think of a person on the network at 3 A.M. When he did, he put the â€Å"where so-and-so† command in and connected his computer to the other so the TALK command would be enabled. RSEXEC opened a split screen window, one to write messages and the other to read. As time passed, this process of using a resource sharing program as a message sending... ... out with their own versions as well. Since AOL controls the majority of IM systems, it will not allow the software the capability to communicate with other IM systems. Other companies have taken a different approach rather than wait for an agreed-upon standard. Jabber is one company that has created a client program capable of communicating with various IM systems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Instant Messaging works by using a piece software called a CLIENT. The CLIENT is normally a software the is in the server and/or maybe needed in the user to machine for proper use. The client communicates with an ICQ server whenever the user’s online and the client is running. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is currently developing a standard protocol for instant messaging, this protocol is know as the Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As time has passed and technologies have improved more and more little things tend to replace the uses of what was once a great and commonly used services. So who is not to say that one day the usage of e-mail services will gradually be wilted away by some unheard of system that may become just as big.

Love vs. Infatuation

Do you remember the first time you gave any serious thought to the meaning of love? As a youngster you may have carved entwined hearts on a tree or scrawled them on a notebook. For many of you, the words â€Å"I love you† flowed easily during high school dating experiences, but for others the sentiment was unspoken or virtually unknown. We can remember as teenagers talking about love with our peers and wondering how we would know when it happened. At times we felt certain that what we were feeling was love—only to decided, in light of the broken romance, that it was just â€Å"infatuation.† Occasional discussion with adults elicited a series of homilies about not letting the heart rule the head. A married cousin, perhaps speaking from experience, advised, â€Å"Never date anyone you wouldn’t consider marrying.† The point was clear: one might fall in love with someone with whom marriage was inappropriate. Parental words of wisdom ranged from â€Å"It’s as easy to fall in love with a rich person as a poor one† to â€Å"Don’t worry about it. When love hits, you’ll know it.† None of this advice seemed very helpful. Even so, we all knew that whatever love was, it was very serious (Hinkle, 2001). Popular songs, films, and novels were just as confusing. Literature classes exposed us to the peculiarities of love as experienced, for example, by Dante and Beatrice—the love that inspired Dante’s Divine Comedy. As a child, Dante saw Beatrice once and never recovered from the passion he felt. He married someone else and had seven children, but in his poems he mentions only Beatrice. II. Discussion A. What is love and infatuation? How does it differ from each other? Every individual desires to have his/her own partner in life; thus, desires to be loved and to loved. This is the reason why young people and older ones indulge in courtship to seek love and find a potential partner for marriage. This motivates everyone to watch romantic movies and read novels that show two people who are head-over-heels in love with each other. But are they really experiencing the true meaning of love or is it just an infatuation? Many young people thought that it is already love when the time they feel something for the opposite sex but most often, it is just an infatuation. So how can a person know that what he/she feels is love or just an infatuation? Love is basically giving your all in all unselfishly. The best description of love can be found in the Bible on 1st Corinthians 13: 4-8): â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no records of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This would simply mean that love is not based on feelings but based on decision and commitment. Loving someone who has many flaws is a decision to make. Love is the all-purpose cure, covering all wrongs. It is worth searching for. It should be expressed openly. When you really love someone, you accept him for who he is regardless of his past. You do not only accept him because of his strengths and his personality but as a whole that includes his totality as a person.   Moreover, love is wondrous state, deep, tender and reassuring. Because of its intimate and personal nature it is regarded by some as an improper topic for experimental research (Harlow, 2003). On the other hand, infatuation is the opposite of love. The true concept of love is misinterpreted. This is usually happening to the young ones who are very emotional due to their being young. Young people are mostly motivated by emotions; thus, they make decisions very quickly without logic but by feelings alone. They thought that the excessive passion they feel for the opposite sex is already love but it is not and basically just an infatuation. Infatuation is an excessive passion for the other person. Its ground is how the person feels for the opposite sex basically does not involve logic, decision and commitment because when he discovers some flaws and weaknesses, he immediately get discourage for that person. That is why we sometimes hear the line â€Å"I am falling out of love† for those people who are just infatuated. III. Conclusion Infatuation can be viewed as a temporary, aroused sate that we cognitively labels as love. The strong affection of companionate love, which often emerges as a relationship matures, is enhanced by an equitable relationship and by intimate self-disclosure. True love sustains the marriage. No matter how life difficult is, the two people who are committed and bind with love can survive the storms of their relationship. Moreover, love is based on a decision and commitment. It accepts the flaws of other’s behalf. Love can cover multitudes of wrongs and easily forgives. In establishing a relationship, love is very important and significant because if there is no love, the relationship cannot continue. While infatuation is based on feelings; thus, it fluctuates when it sees mistakes and flaws. It does not endure hardships. You can love the person now and the next day, you may not feel loving him anymore; thus, the special feelings you have for your partner is just based on â€Å"emotions† which is usually called as â€Å"infatuation.† Young individuals must not rush in making decisions in getting married but must think million times. Therefore, infatuation is a counterfeit of love. Reference: Harlow, Harry (2003). â€Å"The nature of Love.† American Psychologist 13:673-685. Hinkle, Dennis E., & Sporakowski Michael J. (2001). Attitudes toward Love: A Reexamination.† Journal of Marriage and the Family 37: 764-767. Love. 1st Corinthians 13: 4-8. The Student Bible. New International Version.       Love vs. Infatuation Do you remember the first time you gave any serious thought to the meaning of love? As a youngster you may have carved entwined hearts on a tree or scrawled them on a notebook. For many of you, the words â€Å"I love you† flowed easily during high school dating experiences, but for others the sentiment was unspoken or virtually unknown. We can remember as teenagers talking about love with our peers and wondering how we would know when it happened. At times we felt certain that what we were feeling was love—only to decided, in light of the broken romance, that it was just â€Å"infatuation.† Occasional discussion with adults elicited a series of homilies about not letting the heart rule the head. A married cousin, perhaps speaking from experience, advised, â€Å"Never date anyone you wouldn’t consider marrying.† The point was clear: one might fall in love with someone with whom marriage was inappropriate. Parental words of wisdom ranged from â€Å"It’s as easy to fall in love with a rich person as a poor one† to â€Å"Don’t worry about it. When love hits, you’ll know it.† None of this advice seemed very helpful. Even so, we all knew that whatever love was, it was very serious (Hinkle, 2001). Popular songs, films, and novels were just as confusing. Literature classes exposed us to the peculiarities of love as experienced, for example, by Dante and Beatrice—the love that inspired Dante’s Divine Comedy. As a child, Dante saw Beatrice once and never recovered from the passion he felt. He married someone else and had seven children, but in his poems he mentions only Beatrice. II. Discussion A. What is love and infatuation? How does it differ from each other? Every individual desires to have his/her own partner in life; thus, desires to be loved and to loved. This is the reason why young people and older ones indulge in courtship to seek love and find a potential partner for marriage. This motivates everyone to watch romantic movies and read novels that show two people who are head-over-heels in love with each other. But are they really experiencing the true meaning of love or is it just an infatuation? Many young people thought that it is already love when the time they feel something for the opposite sex but most often, it is just an infatuation. So how can a person know that what he/she feels is love or just an infatuation? Love is basically giving your all in all unselfishly. The best description of love can be found in the Bible on 1st Corinthians 13: 4-8): â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no records of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This would simply mean that love is not based on feelings but based on decision and commitment. Loving someone who has many flaws is a decision to make. Love is the all-purpose cure, covering all wrongs. It is worth searching for. It should be expressed openly. When you really love someone, you accept him for who he is regardless of his past. You do not only accept him because of his strengths and his personality but as a whole that includes his totality as a person.   Moreover, love is wondrous state, deep, tender and reassuring. Because of its intimate and personal nature it is regarded by some as an improper topic for experimental research (Harlow, 2003). On the other hand, infatuation is the opposite of love. The true concept of love is misinterpreted. This is usually happening to the young ones who are very emotional due to their being young. Young people are mostly motivated by emotions; thus, they make decisions very quickly without logic but by feelings alone. They thought that the excessive passion they feel for the opposite sex is already love but it is not and basically just an infatuation. Infatuation is an excessive passion for the other person. Its ground is how the person feels for the opposite sex basically does not involve logic, decision and commitment because when he discovers some flaws and weaknesses, he immediately get discourage for that person. That is why we sometimes hear the line â€Å"I am falling out of love† for those people who are just infatuated. III. Conclusion Infatuation can be viewed as a temporary, aroused sate that we cognitively labels as love. The strong affection of companionate love, which often emerges as a relationship matures, is enhanced by an equitable relationship and by intimate self-disclosure. True love sustains the marriage. No matter how life difficult is, the two people who are committed and bind with love can survive the storms of their relationship. Moreover, love is based on a decision and commitment. It accepts the flaws of other’s behalf. Love can cover multitudes of wrongs and easily forgives. In establishing a relationship, love is very important and significant because if there is no love, the relationship cannot continue. While infatuation is based on feelings; thus, it fluctuates when it sees mistakes and flaws. It does not endure hardships. You can love the person now and the next day, you may not feel loving him anymore; thus, the special feelings you have for your partner is just based on â€Å"emotions† which is usually called as â€Å"infatuation.† Young individuals must not rush in making decisions in getting married but must think million times. Therefore, infatuation is a counterfeit of love. Reference: Harlow, Harry (2003). â€Å"The nature of Love.† American Psychologist 13:673-685. Hinkle, Dennis E., & Sporakowski Michael J. (2001). Attitudes toward Love: A Reexamination.† Journal of Marriage and the Family 37: 764-767. Love. 1st Corinthians 13: 4-8. The Student Bible. New International Version.      

The Girls in their Summer Dresses

â€Å"The Girls in their Summer Dresses† by Irwin Shaw is about romantic love, fidelity, and marriage. The story is about Michael and Frances, a rich, young, outgoing couple living in midtown manhattan, who's marriage is going downhill because of Michael's desire for other women. Eventhough Michael has desires for other women, his wife, Frances, is unable to do anything about it because of society's stagima. Also due to the time period the story was written in, divorce was considered a really bad thing. Throughout the story we discover how Frances loves Michael so much, but Michael does not love her. Michael being totally disrespectful puts their marriage in jeopardy. There are many points in the story from which we find out that Michael does not love Frances. Firstly, Michael disrespects Frances by looking at other girls. If he really love her, he should show respect and pay attention to her instead of looking at these other women on the street. Even when he is with his wife he looks at other girls. Who knows what he does when she is not with him, even though he says he hasn't touched any women in past five years since he is with her? Who knows! He isn’t even afraid for a single minute that his wife is walking with him and he shouldn’t watch other girls. He still think that he is macho guy according to the story â€Å"I am the envy of all men between the ages of fifteen and sixty in the state of New York.† He forgets his wife, his love. He didn’t even care once about what she will think about. He was totally not in love. They don’t have mutual understanding at all. Second, not that Michael is unfaithful now but as he said he could be in future. When they are having the discussion at a bar on 8th street, Michael tells Frances that he not only looks at pretty women on street but also fantasizes about being with them. He tells her â€Å"I love you, but I also want them.†(Shaw 8) This is no way to express that your love someone. This is considered cheating and obviously if there is cheating than there is no love at all. Furthermore Michael does nothing when Frances is crying face down into her handkerchief. â€Å"Michael didn't say anything. He sat watching the bartender slowly peel a lemon.†(Shaw 8) This shows that Michael does not care about Frances' feelings. It looks as though for Michael the relationship is based on physical appearance because even after a long discussion at the bar when Frances got up from the table, â€Å"Michael watched her walk, thinking, what a pretty girl, what nice legs.†(Shaw 9) If Michael really loves Frances he should try to see her inner feelings instead of her physical appearance. On the other hand, Frances being a good wife loves her husband. She tells him â€Å"Lets just hang around with each other. You and me.† This proves that she like being with him. She also has respects for him. Unlike Michael who is always looking at other girls she tells him she hasn't looked at another man since the second time they went out. Moreover, we find out that she truly loves him when she says â€Å"I'd do any damn thing for you.† This shows that she is a good wife deeply in love with her husband. Frances being respectful, faithful, and loving proves that there are no complaints about their marriage from her side. In the ending, the most effective part of the story, we see how a women at that time period could not do anything to solve the problem but instead deal with it. Frances ends up calling the Stevensons instead of asking for a divorce. She could not be divorced because the society wont let her live. People will look at her with bad eye. Her love for Michael fades away because he shows neither commitment nor love. who would love someone that wants to be with someone else, especially after finding it out? Overall it seems as though Shaw is trying to tell the reader that not all marriages are same. He shows how for some, marriages are build with honesty, fidelity and love while for others, it's just about physical apperance. And yes, time period is definately a matter.