Truth About God :: essays research papers

Truth Ab come in God"You are save like your fathers You always resist the Holy Spirit Wasthere incessantly a prophet your fathers did not oppress? They even killed those whopredicted the coming of the clean One." - Acts 751-52The Jews have always been afraid of the radicals of God. They have alwaysdwelled in the safety and understandings of the past and fear the effects ofthese radicals. But when these radicals like the prophets arrive, theypersecute them because they are uncertain about the truth. An example is whenthe Jews didnt want to believe Stephen in Acts 756-58, " Look, he said, Isee heaven open and the password of Man standing at the right hand of God. At thisthey cover their ears and yelling at the top of their voices, they all rushedat him, dragged him out of the city and stoned him."A lot of potshots have been taken at the Church over the years. In spiteof its obvious imperfections, the Church is the factor that has been chosen tocarry the message of the Gospel to the world. One wonders why a better systemcould not have been devised. Then one realizes that both system that has peoplein it is going to be imperfect.Alexander Solzhenitsyn wrote in the Gulag Archipelago that it was in prisonwhere he learned that the line separating good and nuisance passes not finishedstates, not through classes, not through semipolitical parties, either, but rightthrough every human heart and through all human hearts.When we give ourselves serious evaluation, we find things hiding in ourhearts that, if we could choose, we would remove. Our hearts have beendescribed as "a zoological garden of lust, a bedlam of ambitions, a nursery of fears, a haremof fondled hatreds." nonetheless the Church, by its very nature, must be made up of thelikes of us." believe yourself as a living house," wrote C. S. Lewis. "God comes in torebuild that house. At first, perhaps, you can understand what He is doing. Heis getting the drains right a nd fish fillet the leaks in the roof and so on. Butpresently He starts whack the house about in a way that hurts abominably anddoes not seem to make any sense. What on earth is He up to?

Magic :: Free Essays

Magic Magic and wizardry is often associated with chivalry and mediaeval times, and is often found in literature of that time, including the stories of mogul Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. wizard familiar character is pigeon hawk the Magician, King Arthurs friend and advisor. Merlin advises Arthur on several occasions, such as at the celebration of Arthurs wedding when the woman on a white horse rides into the court, scream to Arthur for help. Merlin tells Arthur not to take this so lightly, and Arthur agrees that all be make by your advice. Merlin is a well-respected wizard(prenominal)ian and advisor to the King. Magic is define as The use of means (as ceremonies, charms, spells) that atomic number 18 believed to have supernatural ability to cause a supernatural being to produce a exceptional result (as rain, death healing) considered not obtainable by natural means. there are two kinds of invocation, White and Black. White Magic is considered sacred and prize the earth and is good magic. White Magic is practiced by straightforward witches. Black Magic, however, is considered to be power derived from demons and is very bad if it is practiced. This kind of magic is practiced by wizards and sorcerers. Wizards, like Merlin, are men of wisdom and knowledge. Usually, they are associated with Black Art or witchcraft. Some wizards are good, like Merlin, or evil, such as Jafar in the tales of Alladin. Merlin is one of the best cognise wizards in literature and is a central character in the stories of King Arthur. It seems, then, that magic played an important role in the court, at to the lowest degree in literature. As far as historical use of magic in the courts, it is hard to find evidence of it. Is magic only a custom in fiction, or was it really used in mediaeval times? This question remains to be answered.

Cognitive Development of an Infant and Toddler Essay

Piaget based the sensorimotor stage on his observations of his own children The bank bill Reactiona. Circular reactions atomic number 18 the means by which infants explore the environment and build schemes by move to repeat chance events caused by their own motor bodily function. b. These reactions atomic number 18 primary centered on the infants own body. Subsequently, they change to manipulating physical aspirations and and so to producing novel effects in the environment.Substage 1 Reflexive Schemes a. Piaget regarded newborn reflexes as the building blocks of sensorimotor intelligence. b. At first, babies suck, grasp, and take in in much the selfsame(prenominal) way, no matter what the circumstances.Substage 2 Primary Circular Reactions-The First wise to(p) Adaptations a. Infants develop simple motor skills and change their carriage in repartee to environmental demands. b. The first circular reactions are primary in that they are oriented towards the infants own b odies and motivated by basic needs.Substage 3 secondary winding Circular Reactions-Making Interesting Sights Last a. Circular reactions of this substage are secondary in that the infants repeat actions that affect the environment. b. Infants can imitate actions that they have practiced umteen times.Substage 4 Coordination of Secondary Circular Reaction a. Intentional, or goal directed, way is the combination of schemes to solve problems. b. Piaget regarded meansend action sequences as the first sign that babies consider physical causality. c. Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight it is not yet complete in this substage. d. AB search errors are committed by infants in this substage. Infants 8- to 12-months-old only look for an object in hiding place A after the object is moved from A to hiding place B.Substage 5 Tertiary Circular Reactions-Discovering New Means by means of ActiveExperimentation a. Circular reactions in this substage are tertiary in that the infant repeats actions with variation-exploring the environment and bringing about new outcomes. b. Experimentation leads to a more advanced understanding of object permanence. Toddlers no longer make the AB search error.Substage 6 mental Representation-Inventing New Means Through Mental Combinations a. mental representations are ingrained images of absent objects and past events. b. The toddler can now solve problems through symbolic means instead of trial-and-error. c. Representation allows deferred imitation-the ability to copy the behavior of models that are not immediately present. d. Functional play is motor activity with or without objects during the first year and a half in which sensorimotor schemes are practiced. e. At the end of the second year, representation permits toddlers to engage in make-believe play.

Business Structure of Mcdonald’s Corporation Essay

The organizational organize of a melody is a unique relationship formed when cheerctional areas, defined by purpose and specific roles, are associated. Proficient organizations are cap equal of success beca theatrical role of fluent operations between stable functional areas. This portion of our occupation project entrust fork out insight on the reaping line structure of McDonalds stack by analyzing the functional areas of business, victorious into consideration factors standardized technology, the basic laws of economics, and some key aspects of management. McDonalds Corporation runs its business in a similar manner to nearly completely fast victuals eating place establish ups, so its creative bubble for abstract business voice communication is not necessarily inventive. Throughout the MGT101 course and researching this business, m each terms (and/or their definitions) have been mentioned that I consider new to my vocabulary.To name a a few(prenominal) certifica tion the right or license granted to an individual or group to market a attach tos goods or channelize in a particular territory alike a business granted such a right or license. (Franchise, n.d.) Sustainability of, relating to, or being a method of harvesting or culture a preference so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged. (Sustainability, n.d.) Segment one of the constituent parts into which a body, entity, or amount of money is divided or marked off by or as if by natural boundaries. (Segment, n.d.) Corporation an railroad tie of employers and employees in a basic industry or of members of a profession organized as an organ of political representation in a corporative state. (Corporation, n.d.) knock business expenses (as rent, insurance, or heating) not guilty to a particular part of the work or product. (Overhead, n.d.) Capitalism an economic arrangement characterized by unavowed or bodily ownership of capital goods, by investments that a re determined by private decision, and by prices, deed, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by contender in a free market. (Capitalism, n.d.) Capital ingestion expenditure on acquisitions of or improvements to fixed assets. (Capital Expenditure, n.d.) taxation the return or yield from  each kind of property, patent, service, etc. in take. (Revenue, n.d.) feature Control a system for verifying and maintaining a desired take of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Quality Control, n.d.) burger University the companys globular center of excellence for McDonalds operations training and leadership development. (McDonalds Corporation, n.d.)The organizational structure of McDonalds relative to the functional areas of marketing, kind-hearted resources, accounting, finance, and operations can be summarized by investigating each individually. For McDonalds Co rporation, marketing and advertising are what obtain sales. Whether directed towards children, adults, families, or concourse managing time restraints, McDonalds has a goal to make their victuals fun and affordable. Marketing is conducted not only by television, billboard, radio, newsprint, and internet advertising, but also finished sponsorships and promotions. A prime example of McDonalds sponsorship is evident with the future 2012 Olympics, where McDonalds is labeled the Official Restaurant of the games, targeting an audience tallyking say-so that McDonalds regimen is a wellnessy option.Beyond reigning over the entire games, McDonalds takes it a step further by acquire prominent athletes to force products and drive influence deeper into the general public. Marketing simulated military operation targeted at children include persuasion ground on fun by development toys in Happy Meals. For the thrifty and penny conscience, McDonalds promotes their sawhorse menu and offers coupons. By changing their menu options, McDonalds can promote seasonal and holiday options like milkshake flavors. The organizational structure of McDonalds Corporation is considered divisional, separated by geography. The business is managed as distinct geographical segments that include The United States, Europe, APMEA (Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa), and Other Countries & unified (OCC) including Canada, Latin America and incorporate. (McDonalds Corp, n.d.) McDonalds corporate website provided a pecuniary highlights spreadsheet for 2011 that offer insight into the accounting of its organization.The most significant costs and expenses associated with McDonalds are generally referred to as Company Operated Restaurant Expenses. Breaking that cut out further, the C.O.R.E. can be identified as food and paper, payroll and employee benefits, and military control and other direct expenses. In 2011, the C.O.R.E. costs totaled over $14 billion globally. The most significant source of revenue for McDonalds was through sales at company operated restaurants. Although McDonalds Corporation receives revenues form franchised memory locations, its 1,552 company operated locations totaled over $18 billion in sales, charm revenues from franchised stores brought in only $8 billion. The most profitable segment of McDonalds Corporation in 2011 was Europe, slighting the United States in revenue by about $2 billion. (McDonalds, 2011) Financing the operations within this organization come mostly from retained profits and bank loans.Although McDonalds offers stock to be traded publically, the revenues generated do not provide the primary source of financing for franchised and company operated store locations. (McDonalds, 2011) The operations of McDonalds restaurants are supported by a system that involves three main components, what Ray Kroc titled the three straight- offshootged stool. The initial offset is McDonalds and its core values of quality, s ervice, cleanliness and value. The second leg is franchisees. Each encouraged to be innovative, but also required to operate within the core values established by McDonalds. The third leg being McDonalds suppliers, consistently supply products across business segments in order to recreate the McDonalds experience at every location. Creating an operating system based on the three legged stool philosophy, Kroc was able to invent the most integrated, efficient and innovative supply system in the food service industry, thus controlling inventory, quality and repetitive production within each business segment. (McDonalds Corporation, n.d.)Much like any major(ip) corporation, McDonalds utilizes its functional areas to create compatibility within its infrastructure. As depict in our text (Chapter 5 of Exploring Business), the success of a business lies in the ability to manage and grow. McDonalds Corporation has established a system where the core areas work in concert to manage operation s, money, people, sales, and the competition. The roles of the functional areas and how they work together give McDonalds the ability to recognise their business, know their product, and know their competition. (Collins, 2009) McDonalds management has established goals and values by which they operate. Focus on the employees, customers, suppliers, and instigator image has placed McDonalds Corporation on the cutting  bounds of franchised restaurant chains. Its values encourage employee development, environmental and supply chain sustainability, and unremitting improvement on every level.Whether franchise owners and operators are enrolled at Hamburger University (a training facility that teaches the McDonalds business system) or employees are taking advantage of leadership development programs, the management of McDonalds Corporation has intent to provide support and encourage development from all the people who make McDonalds stores diverse and successful. (McDonalds Corporat ion, n.d.) The impact and evolution of technology has enabled McDonalds to reach customers, suppliers, employees and restaurants at every corner of the globe. Technology of the times has held a premium value to McDonalds marketing strategy. The modest beginning of McDonalds marketing and advertising strategy has evolved since the 1950s with radio and newsprint ads. 1966 brought the first television commercial to the United States and in 2003 the first global ad campaign (titled im lovin it) is launched in Germany. (McDonalds Corporation, n.d.) Technologys impact on marketing and operations has been substantial.The internet provides an invaluable resource for collecting data points on market segmentation and analyzing global trends. scurrying accessibility to critical information has helped optimize supply chain operations and improvements towards sustainability. Global communication capabilities allow business segments to interface in mortal using webcams, saving time and money o n travel expenses. account dictation and finance departments use technology to improve error proofing and record keeping. agitate sharing is quicker and more secure, allowing restaurants within business segments to watch trends in sales and enable make upment to accommodate profitable operations. McDonalds restaurant distribution centers rely primarily on regional suppliers for produce, meat, buns, and packaging.Based on the information Ive collected about McDonalds, international trade has atomic effect on business operations. Unlike companies that rely on unconnected made (or mined) textiles and metal ores to make a product, McDonalds supply chain is strategic to obtain only the freshest ingredients from within each business segment. (McDonalds Corporation, n.d.) A safe bet could be made in the statement that nearly every McDonalds customer is every hungry, thirsty, or both. The products served by McDonalds restaurants are an array of breakfast, lunch, dinner and dessert items ranging from breakfast burritos and hotcakes, to hamburgers, french fries, chicken sandwiches, and ice cream sundaesand a lot in between. Portioned meals are designed to suffice the appetites of all consumers, including the dainty eaters, mid-day snackers, and the average adult. McDonalds restaurants cipher the problem consumers face when seeking fast food at an affordable price and with good quality.Often found by major roadways and fueling stations, McDonalds restaurants provide quick and easy dining when traveling. Customers who use the services of McDonalds stores include all walks of life. Business men and women, health conscience eaters, children, and thrifty shoppers have a niche within the McDonalds marketing scheme. Finding and identifying every customer starts with good marketing. McDonalds uses cordial networking sites like Facebook and Twitter to follow consumer habits and trends. They conduct surveys to collect data on current customers and research other fast food operations in order to compete. Strong advertising campaigns using television, radio, the internet, billboards, and magazines take over customers through vivid imagery, nutritional statements, and brand recognition. (McDonalds Corporation, n.d.)Considering the varied demographics associated with over 33,000 global restaurants, McDonalds prices fluctuate from store to store. Their pricing strategy is set to accommodate regional business and market segmentation by analyzing the demographics touch each restaurant. In the United States, for instance, two McDonalds store locations will offer the same menu option at different prices based on the economic status of surrounding areas. McDonalds Corporation researches the areas well before opening a restaurant to determine the value of their product compared to the value of a communitys dollar. In shopping districts or roadways surrounding exclusive propinquitys, McDonalds will charge more for a value meal when compared to a less f ortunate area. Why? They know low-income consumers will likely not find their way to a higher-income area. By creating market segments, prices can vary based on the financial capabilities of its customers. (McDonalds Pricing Strategy, 2012) McDonalds business operations are instantly abnormal by supply and demand.Factors that play into their success revolve around competition, topical anaesthetic economies, and population. Restaurants located in areas with a high number of establishments serving food succumb to consumer choice and face the possibility of fewer sales. Likewise, restaurants in frown income neighborhoods rely on a customer base that faces the decision of quantity or quality. Many lower income families can stretch their dollar into some(prenominal) meals at the grocery where McDonalds would provide just one. Fluctuations in population can affect the demand for fast food meals, and therefore directly affect sales. (Collins, 2009) McDonalds has always held an op en door to offering a first job, regardless of experience or credentials. From there, McDonalds Corporation is dedicate to providing an opportunity for a career. Search the web (http//www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/careers/workinghere.html) and see that open positions across the United States are available at either a corporate or restaurant level, on a spectrum that covers all ranges of experience and entry level.Although McDonalds corporate website does not provide wages in the form of dollar amounts for either hourly or hire employees, less reliable internet sites might suggest restaurant employees initial wages range from around $7/hr. upwards to $10/hr., depending on position average management positions can offer in the neighborhood of $30k to $40k annually. According to McDonalds website, non-financial compensation packages for employees include company assisted health plans, paid holidays and vacations, access to career development opportunities and training, 401(k) contribution s, discounted meals, and even the possibility of a company vehicle. (McDonalds Corporation, n.d.)In closing, the strategic system McDonalds Corporation has organized to manage it business involves multiple factors. People that choose to combine McDonalds team are encouraged to continuously improve their careers, utilize dear potential, and assist with innovation to achieve the goals and mission set forth by McDonalds Corporation. The unique inter-relationship woven by functional areas of this business provide support within the company structure to assist employees at any level from top executives to restaurant crew members. Optimization of operations using technology and an innovate supply chain allow for the company to adjust constantly in response to trends and social influence.ReferencesCapital Expenditure. (n.d.) In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrievedfrom http//www. merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Capitalism. (n.d.) In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrieved f rom http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Collins, K. (2009). Exploring Business. Nyack, NY Flat World Knowledge, Inc. Corporation. (n.d.) In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrieved fromhttp//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Franchise. (n.d.). In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Income Statement. (n.d.) In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ McDonalds Corporation. (n.d.). Company Profile. Retrieved from McDonalds Corporation website http//www.aboutmcdonalds.com McDonalds Corporation. (n.d.). Corporate Careers/Training & Development/Hamburger University. Retrieved from McDonalds Corporation website http// McDonalds Corporation. (n.d.). Our Company. Retrieved from McDonalds Corporation website http//www.aboutmcdonalds.com McDonalds Corporation. (n.d.). Our History. Retrieved form McDonalds Corporation websitehttp//www.mcdonalds.com McDonalds Corporation. (n.d.). Our History/Our Story/The Ray Kroc Story. Retrieved from McDonalds Corporation website http//www.mcdonalds.com McDonalds Corporation. (2011). McDonalds 2011 Financial Information Workbook. Retrieved from McDonalds Corporation website http//aboutmcdonalds.com/ content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/ Investors%202012/McDonalds%202011%20 Financial%20Information%20Workbook.xls McDonalds Corporation. (n.d.). Working Here. Retrieved from McDonalds Corporation website http//www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/careers/working_here.html McDonalds Pricing Strategy. (2012). Retrieved from http//ecuatoriall.com/mcdonalds-pricing-strategy/ Overhead. (n.d.) In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Quality Control. (n.d.) In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrieved from http//www.merriam -webster.com/dictionary/ Revenue. (n.d.) In Merriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Segment. (n.d.) In Me rriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ Sustainability. (n.d.). InMerriam-Websters online dictionary. Retrieved from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/

Esssential of Negotiation

Helsinki School of Economics Advanced Negotiation Practices Course hand outline naming Essentials of Negotiation Lewicki, Roy J. , David M. Saunders, and John W. Minton. 2001. Essentials of Negotiation 2nd Edition. impertinent York McGraw-Hill/Irwin Reviewed by Mohammad Moshtari February 2008 platter Summary identification Essentials of Negotiation Book intromission This book represents authors response to faculty who requisiteed a briefer version of the lifelong text, Negotiation. The objective of this shorter volume is to provide the reader with the core concepts dialog in a much succinct version.The book is organized into 9 chapters. The firstborn four chapters introduce the reader to ? Negotiation Fundamentals?. The first chapter introduces the plain of duologue and contest circumspection, describes the basic problem of interdependence with separate pile, and briefly explores the problems of managing that interdependence. The second chapter introduces the conc ept of ? framing? or how parties accompany to decide what a duologue is solely ab bulge, and how parties regard to plan for an upcoming negotiation.Chapter 3 and 4 and so present the twain core get alonges to negotiations the basic dynamics of war-ridden (win-loss) bargain (chapter 3) and the basic dynamics of combinatory (win-win) negotiation (chapter 4). The next ii chapters present two key sub processes of negotiation learning and communication, and military force and rate. In chapter 5, basic processes of cognition and communication in negotiation is reviewed, oddly communication dynamics is examined as well as a teleph ace number of communal cognition and judgment biases line by treaters.In chapter 6, authors looked at the tools negotiants burn d induce habituate to pressure the former(a)wise side, enlist the tools of persuasion and role to position the other(a) to exchange his or her perspective or conk in to our arguments. The next two chapters review two key linguistic context elements of negotiation. In chapter 7, authors examined the ethical context and standards that surround negotiation and create eccentric challenges for treaters in deciding how fully and completely they ar going to cave in their bargaining frames.In chapter 8, authors attempted to clarify how national cultures around the realness shape the diverse charges parties approach negotiations. The last chapter emphasizes strategies that empennage be delectationd by the parties to re form breakdowns in the negotiation process. Chapter 9 explores the techniques that negotiators mickle workout on their own to get negotiations back on track. Authors made some of related materials (secondary chapters) accessible on the World Wide entanglement (at www. mhhe. com/business/managment/lewicki) including social context of negotiation, multicompany negotiations or managing difficult negotiations theirs ships company approaches.The agreement of the book also parallels more closely the organization of a attendant volume, Negotiation Readings, Exercises and Cases by Roy J. Lewicki. , David M. Saunders, and John W. Minton. Contents in Brief ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The personality of negotiation Negotiations framing, strategizing, and planning system and evasive actions of divided negotiation scheme and tactical manoeuvres of integrative negotiation Communication, detection and cognitive biases Finding and using negotiation leverage moral philosophy in negotiation Global negotiation Managing difficult negotiations individual approaches Book Summary Assignment Essentials of Negotiation Chapter 1 The nature of negotiation The structure and processes of negotiation argon fundamentally the aforementi atomic number 53d(prenominal) at personal level as they argon at the diplomatical and corporate level. Negotiations occur for two reasons (1) to create something new that nevery companionship could do on his or her own, (2) to resolve a p roblem or dispute between the parties. thither atomic number 18 some(prenominal) characteristics common to all negotiation spotlights (1) at that place be two or ore parties, (2) there is a conflict of interest between them, (3) The parties negotiate duo to get a better deal (4) the parties, at least(prenominal) for a moment favour to search for agreement, (5) when they negotiate they expect to conduce and take, (6) undefeated negotiation touch ons the get it onment of intangibles ( lots(prenominal) as convey to look good) as well as re reply the tangibles ( much(prenominal) as the terms of agreement) In negotiations twain parties need each other. This situation of mutual dependency is called interdependence.Interdependent relationships are characterized by interlocking goals the parties need each other to accomplish their goals. The structure of the interdependence (wind-lose or win-win), determines the run away of snuff itable outcomes of the negotiation and sug gests the book strategies and tactics that the negotiators should give. Interdependent relationships are complex. some(prenominal) parties cope that they idler wreak the others outcomes and their outcomes in gaming be influenced by the other. This mutual adjustment continues throughout the negotiation as both parties act to influence the other.Making and interpreting concessions is no palmy gain, especially when there is little trust between negotiations. The search for an best solution through the processes of giving information and making concessions is greatly aid by trust and a belief that you are being hardened honesty and fairly. Two efforts in negotiation help to create much(prenominal) trust and belief perceptions of outcomes that attempts to change a callers mind of the perceived importance of something and perception of the process whitethorn help perplex images of equity, fairness and reciprocity in proposals and concessions. hotshot potential consequence of interdependent relationship is conflict that fanny be duo to the highly diverging necessarily of the two parties, a mis disposition that occurs between two people, or some other intangible f proletarians. One way to classify conflicts is by level, and four levels of conflicts are commonly identified intrapersonal conflict, interpersonal conflict, intra-group conflict, inter-group conflict. Conflict may be destructive or productive, so the objective is non to pooh-pooh conflict but to learn how to bed it so that the destructive elements are controlled while the productive aspects are enjoyed.Negotiation is a scheme for productively managing conflict. Many approaches to managing conflict flip been suggested. The down the stairs two dimensional archetypeling is represented as the dual lines model. The model postulates that individuals in conflict sustain two independent levels of worry concern about their own outcomes and concern about the others outcomes. As mention ed in the figure, there are five major Problem Yielding strategies for conflict management.Each schema has its Solving advantages and disadvantages and is more or less(prenominal) appropriate given the display case of conflict and situation in which (compromising) the dispute occurs. Thus, conflict theory and search have moved toward a contingency approach advocating that the Inaction Contending strategy selected should be based on the objectives of the parties and the nature of their dispute. Two major mechanisms for adjudicate conflicts- third base parties and Concern about own outcomes conflict management systems- extend in a higher place and beyond the strategies of the parties themselves.Concern about others utcomes 3 Book Summary Assignment Essentials of Negotiation Chapter 2 Negotiations framing, strategizing, and planning In this chapter, authors discuss what negotiators should do in set ahead sitting down at the table framing, strategizing, and planning. Framing is t he means by which the parties in a negotiation define the problem. They mention that there are three shipway to understand frames as cognitive heuristics, at categories of experience, and as a process of issue development.In continuation, they try to introduce the negotiator to the power and prevalence of frames via different types of frames, how certain frames may be invoked or ignored in a given situation, the consequences of framing a conflict in a particular way and the approaches that negotiators can use to manage frames more effectively. Understanding frames- which means understanding how parties define the key issues and how conversations can shift and transform those issues- is the first step in effective planning. aft(prenominal) framing, negotiators moldiness anticipate what they want to achieve in a negotiation and must prepare for these events in advance. The preparation must include prudence to substantive items including goals, goal priorities, and multi-goal package s as well as procedural concerns relations with agendas and bargaining histories. the choice of goals and frames are strongly interactive and the existence of one give rapidly produce evidence of other. Afterwards negotiators move to the third element in the sequence selecting and developing a strategy. tally to below suggested model, negotiators have some choices of a negotiation that is reflected in the answers to two fair questions how much concern does the actor have for achieving the substantive outcomes at pastime in this Substantive outcome important? negotiation and how much concern does the Yes No negotiator have for the current and future quality of relationship with the other party. Yes Collaboration Accommodation In the last part of chapter, authors let slay the importance of planning. hile success in negotiation is affected by how one plays the game, the just about important step for success is No Competition dodge how to one gets ready for the game. effective p lanning also hard work on a number of specific stairs ? Defining issues ? appeal issues and defining the bargaining mix ? Defining interests ? Consulting with others ? Identifying limits ? Setting sends ? Developing musical accompaniment arguments ? Analyzing the other party Frames, goals, strategies and stages set the background for an effective planning process.If the negotiator is able to consider and evaluate each of these eventors, the negotiator will know what he or she wants and will have a clear perceive of direction on how to proceed. The sense of direction, and the confidence derived from it will be the sensation most important factor in achieving a desired negotiation outcome. Rational choice important 4 Book Summary Assignment Essentials of Negotiation Chapter 3 Strategy and tactics of distributive negotiation In a distributive bargaining situation, the goals of one party are commonly in fundamental and direct conflict with the goals of the other party.Resources a re located and each party will use a set of strategies to profit their share of resources to be obtained. While distributive strategies are useful, they can also be counterproductive and costly. Often they cause the negotiating parties to focus so much on their differences that they ignore what they have in common. These negative effects notwithstanding, distributive bargaining strategies are quite useful when a negotiator wants to increase the value obtained in a single deal and when the relationship with the other party is not important.Both parties to a negotiation should establish their starting, target and metro even outs before beginning a negotiation. Starting points are normally in the opening arousements each party makes. The target point is commonly learned or inferred as negotiations get under way. The resi emplacement point, the point beyond which a person will not go and would substitutely break off negotiations. The spread between the disagreeance points, ca lled bargaining get, resolution range or zone of potential agreement, is oddly important.In this welkin the material bargaining takes place, for anything outside these point will be summarily rejected by one of the two negotiators. It is rare that a negotiation includes only one item more typically there is a set of items, referred to as a bargaining mix. Each item in a bargaining mix can have opening, target and eliminateance points. The bargaining mix may provide opportunities for bundling issues together, logrolling or displaying mutually concessionary behavior.Negotiators by employing strategies attempt to influence each other perceptions of what is possible through the exchange of information and persuasion. Regardless of the general strategy taken, two t aims are important in all distributive bargaining situations discovering the other partys resistance point and influencing the other partys resistance point. The negotiators basic goal is to reach a final settlement as c lose to the other partys resistance point as possible.Four tactical tasks are suggested for a negotiator in a distributive bargaining (1) to asses the other partys outcome values and the costs of terminating negotiations, (2) to manage the other partys impressions of the negotiators outcome values, (3) to modify the other partys perception of his or her own outcome values, and (4) to manipulate the actual costs of delaying or aborting negotiations. The other decision to be made at the outset of distributive bargaining concerns the stance to adopt during negotiations. A fair bargaining position is commonly coupled with a friendly stance and an extreme position is usually couple ith a tougher, more agonistical stance. A key concept in creating a bargaining position is that of commitment. The purpose of a commitment is to remove am abundantuity about the actors intended course of action. There are several(prenominal) ways to create a commitment public pronouncement, link with an outs ide ally, increase the prominence of demands, reinforce the treat or promise. There are a set of hardball tactics to beat the other party. Such tactics are designed to pressure targeted parties to do things they would not otherwise do, and their presence usually disguises the users adherence to a decidedly distributive bargaining approach.Some of them are good guy/bad guy, highball/lowball, bogey, the nibble, chicken, intimidation, aggressive behavior, demand by the nose job. The authors suggested three ways for responding to typical hardball tactics, including ignore them, discuss them and respond in kind. 5 Book Summary Assignment Essentials of Negotiation Chapter 4 Strategy and tactics of integrative negotiation In many negotiations there need not be winners and losers all parties can be winner. In integrative negotiation- conglomerately known as cooperative, collaborative, win-win, or problem solving- the goals of the parties are not mutually exclusive.The fundamental structu re of an integrative negotiation situation is such that it allows both sides to achieve their objectives. Integrative negotiation requires a process fundamentally different from that of distributive negotiation. Those wishing to achieve integrative results find that they must manage both the context and the process of the negotiation in tack to gain the spontaneous cooperation and commitment of all parties. The following processes tend to be central to achieving almost all integrative agreements ? creating a free scarper of information ? ttempting to understand the other negotiators real take and objectives ? emphasizing the commonalities between the parties and minimizing the difference ? searching for solutions that meet the goals and objectives of both sides There are four major steps in the integrative negotiation process 1. Identifying and defining the problem, ? define the problem in a way that is mutually acceptable to both sides ? keep the problem statement refreshful a nd simple ? state the problem as a goal and spot the obstacles to attaining this goal ? epersonalize the problem ? separate the problem definition from the search for solution 2. understanding the problem and finding interests and needs to the surface (focusing on interests will allow the parties to move beyond opening positions and demands to determine what the parties really want, what needs truly must be satisfied) 3. generating alternative solutions to the problem (tactics such as expand the pie, logroll, nonspecific compensation, cut the costs for compliance, find a link up solution 4.Evaluating those alternatives and selecting among them ? narrow the range of solution options ? agree to the criteria in advance of evaluating options ? evaluate solutions on the basis of quality and accept qualification ? be willing to justify personal preferences ? be alert to the influence of intangibles in selecting options ? use subgroups to evaluate complex issues ? take time out to cool off ? explore different ways to logroll ? keep decisions tentative and qualified until all aspects of the final proposals are complete ? inimize formality and record property until final agreements are closed Authors identified seven fundamental preconditions for successful integrative negotiation some form of shared or common goal, faith in ones own ability to solve problems, a belief in the validity and importance of the others position, the need and commitment to work together, trust in the opposing negotiator, the ability to accurately exchange information in spite of conflict conditions, and an understanding of how the process works. 6 Book Summary Assignment Essentials of NegotiationChapter 5 Communication, perception and cognitive biases Communication is at the heart of the negotiating process. This chapter focuses on the processes by which negotiators clear their own interests, positions, and goals and in turn make sense of those of the other party and of the negotiation as a whole. Weather the intent is to pedagogy and compel, sell, persuade or gain commitment, how parties communicate in negotiation would appear to depend on the ability of the speaker to encode the thoughts properly as well as on the ability of the listener to understand and decipher the intended messages.There are two critical sub-processes of communication perception and cognition. ? Perception is defined as the process of screening, selecting and interpreting stimuli so that they have meaning to the individual. The complexity of environments makes it impossible to process all of the available information, so perception becomes selective, focusing on some stimuli while turning out others. As a result people have several shortcuts in their perceptual systems that allow them to process information more readily.Unfortunately these shortcuts come with cost-perceptual errors such as stereotyping, halo effects, selective perception or projectionswhich typically occur without people being aware that they are happening. Stimulus management Recognition Translation Behavior Perception ? Rather than being everlasting(a) processors of information, negotiators have a tendency to make systematic errors when they process information. These errors, denominate cognitive biases, tend to impede negotiator performance the irrational escalation of commitment, mythical fixed pie belief, the process f anchoring and adjustment, issue and problem framing, negotiators overconfidence, the winners curse, self-serving biases, ignoring others cognitions, the law of small numbers and reactive devaluation. Failures and distortions in perception, cognition and communication are the most dominant contributors to breakdowns and failures in negotiations. Three important techniques have been proposed for improving communication in negotiation the use of questions, hearing and role reversal. 7 Book Summary Assignment Essentials of NegotiationChapter 6 Finding and using negotiation leve rage In this chapter, the authors focus on leverage in negotiation that means the tools negotiators can use to give themselves an advantage or increase the probability of achieving their own objectives. Leverage is oft apply synonymously with power. Authors explain three major sources of power information and expertise, control over resources, and location in an organizational structure and then point to the process for using power as an attempt to change the others position, view or perspective.During negotiations, actors frequently need to incline each other, influence the other partys positions, perceptions and opinions and for doing these they employ a group of tactics that are called persuasion. Authors consider four key elements of persuasion ways in which sources of information can be powerful, ways in which messages can be structured to be more powerful, ways in which targets of persuasion can enhance or reduce their power and ways in which the elements in social context can exert verificatory influence on the target.There are some ways in which to think about the key factors in the persuasion/ leverage process. One of them is shown in below figure. Message factors Resultant attitudes (positions) Initial attitudes (positions) ? Message confine ? Message Structure ? Persuasive style Source factor ? believability ? Attractiveness Target factors ? attending to the other ? Resisting the others arguments consideration factor Reciprocity, Commitment, Social proof, Use of reward and punishment, Scarcity Central bridle-path Peripheral Route ? ? ? ?Message factors or ways in which he content of the message can be structured and presented to enhance its strength Source factors or ways in which the sender of the message can enhance his or her credibility and attractiveness in order to make the message more believable or more friendly pass catcher factors or ways in which the receiver of the message can either shape and direct what the sender is communica ting or intellectually resist the persuasive effects of the message Context factors or elements inherent in the social structure (such as the relationship between the parties, the compass in which the message is sent or the amount time taken to communicate the message) that can determine whether a message is more or less likely to be received and complied with. There are at least three major things that you as the listener can do to resist the others influence efforts have a best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA), make a public commitment (or get the other party to make one) and inoculate yourself against the others persuasive message. 8 Book Summary Assignment Essentials of Negotiation Chapter 7 Ethics in negotiation In this chapter authors explored the question of whether there are or should be accepted ethical standards for behavior in negotiation.Ethics are broadly applied social standards for what is right or wrong in a particular situation or a process for setting those standards. Ethics proceed from particular philosophies, which purport to (a) define the nature of the conception in which we live and (b) prescribe rules for living together. The authors present a model to help explain how a negotiator decides whether to employ one or more deceptive tactics. Intentions and motives for using deceptive tactics Consequences 1. Impact of tactic does it work? 2. Self-evaluation 3. Feedback and reaction from other negotiator, constituency and audiences Influence Situation Identification of range of influence tactics Selection and use of a deceptive tactic Explanation and JustificationDeception and disguise may take several forms in negotiation as follows misrepresentation of ones position to another party, bluffing, falsification (introduction of factually erroneous information), deception (collection of true and/or untrue arguments that leads the other party to the wrong conclusion) and selective disclosure or misrepresentation to constituencies. The authors predicted that (1) when motivated to be emulous and when expecting the other to be competitive the negotiator would see the marginally ethical tactics as appropriate and (2) when both parties were competitively motivated they would exhibit the greatest tendency to employ marginally ethical tactics. From the negotiators perspective the primary motivation to use a deceptive tactic is to gain a shipboard power advantage.Using these tactics then produces consequences the tactic may work (produce desired results) or not work people evaluate their own use of the tactics( asking themselves if they were satisfied with the results, and if using the tactic was personally acceptable) and people also may receive critical comments from the other negotiator from constituencies and from audiences. Those evaluative comments may serve to increase or decrease the use of similar tactics in the future. If using the tactic allows negotiators to attain rewarding outcomes that would be un available to them if they behaved ethically and if the unethical conduct is not punished by others the frequency of unethical conduct is likely to increase because the negotiator believes he or she can get away with it.Negotiators frequently overlook the fact that although unethical or expedient tactics may get them what they want in the short run these same tactics typically lead to diminished effectiveness in the long term. (Consequences of these tactics on the negotiators reputation and trustworthiness, other party retaliation and revenge) If negotiators think the other party is using deceptive tactics he/she can do the following acts Ask probing questions and recognize the tactic. 9 Book Summary Assignment Essentials of Negotiation Chapter 8 Global negotiation In this chapter authors examined various aspects of a growing field of negotiation that explores the complexities of negotiating across borders.Negotiators from different cultures (countries) use different negotiation stra tegies and communication patterns when negotiating intra-culturally than when negotiating cross-culturally. Two overall contexts have an influence on cross border negotiations the environmental context, includes forces in the environment that are beyond the control of either party but that influence the negotiations, and quick context, includes factors over which the negotiators have influence and some measure of control. To know more cultures, Hofstede suggested that there are four important dimensions that can be used to describe cultural differences power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity and uncertainty avoidance.Foster suggests that culture can influence global negations in several ways, including the definition of negotiation, the selection of negotiators, protocol, communication, time, risk propensity, groups versus individuals and the nature of agreements. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how to manage cultural differences when negotiat ing across borders. Weiss presented the options that people have when negotiating with someone from other culture. According to him, when choosing a strategy, negotiators should be aware of their own and the other partys cultures in general, understand the specific factors in the current relationship, and predict or try to influence the other partys approach.His suggested responsive strategies may be arranged into three groups, base on familiarity (low, moderate, high) that a negotiator has with the other partys culture. Within each group there are some strategies that the negotiator may use individually (unilateral strategies) and others that involve the participation of the other party (joint strategies). Low familiarity ? Employ agents or advisors (unilateral Strategy) ? bring in a mediator ? Induce the other party to use your approach Moderate familiarity ? Adapt to the other partys approach ? Coordinate adjustment High familiarity ? Embrace the other partys approach ? Improvise an approach ? Effect symphony 10 Book Summary Assignment Essentials of NegotiationChapter 9 Managing difficult negotiations individual approaches through any number of different avenues breakdowns in communication, escalation of anger and mistrust, polarization of positions and refusal to compromise, the topic of ultimatums or simply the inability to invent options that are satisfactory to both sides negotiations often hit an impasse. Productive dialogue stops. The parties may continue talk of the town but the communication is usually characterized by trying to sell or force ones own position, talking about others unreasonable position and uncooperative behavior or both. This chapter reviewed actions that the parties can take to return to a productive dialogue. In general there are five major conflict reduction strategies that can be applied in contentious situations 1.Reducing tension and managing the de-escalation of hostility (via methods such as tension release, acknowledg ment of the others feelings (active listening), separating the parties, synchronized de-escalation) 2. Enhancing communication, particularly improving each partys understanding of the others perspective (via methods such as role reversal or imaging) 3. autocratic the number and size of issues in the discussion ? Reduce the number of parties on each side ? control the number of substantive issues involved ? state issues in concrete terms rather than as general principles ? intimidate the precedents involved, both procedural and substantive ? search for ways to fractionate the big issues ? depersonalize issues separate them from the parties advocating them 4.Establishing a common ground on which the parties can find a basis for agreement (via methods such as find out super ordinate goals, clarifying common enemies, agreement on the rules and procedures) 5. Enhancing the dynamism of the options and alternatives that each party presents to the other (give the other party a yes-able proposal, ask for a different decision, sweeten the offer rather than intensify the threat, use legitimacy or objective criteria to evaluate solutions) The order of above steps is the one most frequently used by third parties in resolving disputes and hence we believe it also will be the most effective if employed by negotiators themselves. If the conflict cannot be controlled effectively, third-party intervention may become necessary. 11

Northern Mariana Islands and Guam History

Guam History A Review of the Islands Unique History VincentAnthony V. Borja side 135 Professor Rosemary Harty April 21, 2011 Over the past 10 years, ergodic peck would ask me nigh the history of Guam, and how it became a joined States territory. Grew up close to of my life on Guam, but never re whollyy cargond about its history, although, e rattling year we would keep back its liberation day from the Japanese and celebrate festive holidays signifi sackt to the islands history, I never really understood why we famous it. The Spanish Era, the American Period, & the Japanese occupation compete a major specify on the island and its refining today.The island of Guam, Guahan in indigenous Chamorro, is a actually multi-ethnic community that reflects the burnishs of its original Chamorro inhabitants as proto(prenominal) as 2,000 B. C. , influenced by countless European, American, Asian, Micronesian, and early(a) people who deplete occupied, visited and immigrated to Guam s ince the sixteenth Century. Many question the disc overy by the Spaniards, the occupation of the Americans and the Japanese that wrought the islands history that makes its culture very fascinating. under(a)standing the islands struggles that have eliminate to the American status that it flattually became after umpteen centuries of fighting.Guam of today is truly a mixed community with a distinctive culture, the foundation of which is past Chamorro heavily influenced by the Spanish occupation and the Catholic Church. Strong American influence is also homely in the celebration of many an(prenominal) human beings holidays, the form of Government and the pride in being U. S. that is displayed by the natives. Guams culture has also been influenced and enriched by the Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Chinese and Micronesian immigrants each group of who have added their unique contributions.According to the 2000 Census of Population and Housing the present creation of Guam, is close to 154,805 whom roughly 37% are Chamorro, 26% Filipino, 11% other pacific Islander with the re chief(prenominal)ing 26% primarily Caucasian, Chinese, Korean and Japanese, all of whom carry their cultural heritage and customs and contribute to Guams unique culture and appeal. (U. S. Department of Commerce, 2004) SPANISH ERA According to the journals of Antonio Pigafetta, whom was an Italian scholar and traveller form the re mankind of Venice.Pigafetta travelled with Portuguese venturer Ferdinand Magellan and recorded most of Magellans travels. Ferdinand Magellan on March 6, 1521, first discovered the island. (Pigafetta, 1995, p. 18) During his s travel by on the island, the natives canoed out to the posts and stole everything that was not secured or tied down. The weakened sailors had affect fending gain the tall and robust natives until a few shots from theTrinidads speculative gasolenes frightened them off the ship and they retreated into the surrounding jungle. The purpos e of Magellans visit was to restock on supp guiles and find food.After Magellans travel throughout the Marianas, it was primarily his get laid on Guam that the Marianas was happen upond Li Ladroni, the island of thieves. (Suarez, 1999, p. 133) Although Magellan was considered the first European explorer to step foot on Guams beaches, it was known that Guam and the other Mariana islands were formally claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1565 by General Miguel Lopez de Legazpi for Spain. big dividing lineman Phillip II of Spain wanted switch to begin with the Phillipine islands, islands call downd after him. Legazpi was sent across the pacific from Mexico, which was a colony of Spain in 1564.During Legazpis sail across the pacific, King Phillip ordered him to take possession of all land and any island encountered. Additionally, he wanted Legazpi to find a route between Mexico and the Philllipines that would go through the pacific. Legazpi and his fleet reached Guam on January 22, 15 65 and docked his ships for four days. After days of waiting, they finally went on shore on January 26, 1565 to claim Guam and posted the Spain flag. (Cunningham Beaty, 2001) Legazpi and his men stayed on Guam for xi days.During this visit, Legazpi was so afraid of upsetting the Chamorros that he ordered all crew members not to go on shore without his permission. The Chamorros were untold friendlier, canoeing out to greet the voyagers with food and supplies, a much different experience the Spanish explorers had remembered during their last Guam visit. Clever and sly, the Chamorros were always trying to trade rice for nails. Frequently the natives would fool the voyagers by placing rice in the top of the bag and filling the bottom with rocks and straw.When the men went ashore to fill the kegs with water, an disturbance took specify, and one of Legazpis men was killed. Legazpi was upset and ordered a light speed men to go to the island and punish the Chamorros. The result was th ree Chamorros hung and killed and many ho aims and canoes burned. Following the incident Legazpi declared anchors to be lifted and the Spaniards journeyed for the Philllipines. (Rogers, 1995, p. 14) Catholocism was the first religion introduced on the island during the 1600s.The major influence and main support came from one of the main leaders on the island during that time. honcho Quipuha was the magalahi or highest-ranking male, in the area of Hagatna when the Spanish landed off its shores in 1668. On June 15, 1668 missionaries led by Spanish Jesuit Padre Diego Luis de San Vitores of Burgos, of Spain, whom landed off the shores of Hagatna. They were greeted and welcomed by Chief Quipuha, the name Ke puha or Quipuha means, to uphold. Chief Quipuha was so welcoming to these missionaries he even offered a plot of land in Hagatna for the mission. Political Status educational activity Coordinating Commission, 1995) It was on this offered land where the first Catholic Church in Guam was built and Catholicism was introduced. Chief Quipuha died in 1669, but his legacy left field a tremendous impact that allowed the Spanish to continue its legacy for the manilla paper Galleon trade, which was the exchange of goods between Asia and Mexico. (Naval Station Guam) About a century later, In April of 1672, Padre Diego Luis de San Vitores and his Filipino assistant were killed by Chief Mata pang of Tumon for baptizing the Chiefs baby girl without the Chiefs consent. (Rogers, 1995, p. 5) It is theorized, that Mata pang whitethorn have acted out of frustration from being compelled to the harsh rule of a foreign Spanish king. Whereas San Vitores tried to carry out his mission in a peaceful manner, the Spanish military ruthlessly governed the fieldal anaesthetic humankind to protect their Galleon routes. Regardless of Mata pangs motives, the death of San Vitores lead to an all-out war that closely resulted in extinction of the Chamorro race. Sources have estimated Chamo rro casualties to the fighting and disease reduced the population from 200,000 to roughly 5,000 by 1741, mostly women and children.The Spaniards imported Spanish soldiers and Filipinos to restock the population, marking the end of the pure Chamorro bloodline. (Rogers, 1995, pp. 41-57) After 1695, Chamorros were laboured to settle in five colonizations Hagatna, Agat, Umatac, Pago, and Fena, were monitored by the priests and military garrison, forced to figure Church daily and to learn Spanish language and customs. In 1740, Chamorros of the Northern Marianas Islands, except Rota, were removed from their home islands and exiled to Guam.Mata pang himself was killed in a final battle on the island of Rota in 1680. Having been vilified for the incident that sparked the decimation of the pure Chamorro race, the name Mata pang has evolved to mean silly. (Donald L. Platt, 2009) During the 18th century, the English pirates who visited Guam to take on supplies and sustenance preyed upon t he Spanish galleons. Guam was a host to a number of scientists, voyagers, and whalers from Russia, France, and England some of whom provided little accounts of the daily life on Guam under Spanish rule.Evidence of Spanish come onings, bridges, churches and forts can still be seen across the island, especially in the southern areas of the island. Spanish cannon still overlooks Hagatna and Umatac bays from Forts Agueda and Soledad, the Plaza de Espana, once the Spanish Governors Palace, still stands in fundamental Hagatna, and sunken Spanish galleons still lie under Guams crystal clear waters. The architecture and design of structures build long after the Spanish era, such as the bridge in Umatac, which still has distinct Spanish quality. (Donald L.Platt, 2009) AMERICAN PERIOD During the Spanish-American war Guam was ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Spanish American war in 1898 and Guam was formally purchased from Spain for $20 million in 1899. At the time of the turnover, the local population of Guam had grown to about 10,000 inhabitants. U. S. President William McKinley issued an executive order placing Guam inwardly the administration of the Department of the Navy. Captain R. P. Leary was appointed the islands first U. S. Governor. (Rogers, 1995, p. 14) nether Navy administration, Guam experienced many improvements in the areas of agriculture, public health, sanitation, education, land management, taxes, and public subject fields. Orders issued by Captain Leary on August 16, 1899, regulated the importation and cut-rate sale of intoxicating liquors regulated the celebration of church and other holidays prohibited the pitch of land without the consent of the government prohibited concubine and required that wedding party be performed between persons that were cohabiting prohibited exportation of certain articles in putting surface use among he people required persons without a trade or regular employment to pant specifi ed commodities and keep certain get laid stock regulated the keeping of dogs and other animals running at big(a) abrogated the Spanish system of taxation and provided a new one established a public system of nonsectarian education and required each adult to learn to write his or her own name within a specified time. (Rogers, 1995, p. 119) In 1927, the people of Guam, including schoolchildren who donated a penny each, pile up $703. 92 to have a ships bell and a commemorative plaque manufactured in Shanghai, China.The bell was presented to the Navy and has served distinctively on each of the three USS Guam Naval watercrafts. (Palomo, 1999)The U. S. Navy continued to use Guam as a refueling and communication station until 1941, when it fell to attack Japanese forces shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The bell, on with a commemorative bronze plaque, has been returned to Guam after the decommissioning of the USS Guam, an amphibious assault ship (LPH-9), on August 25, 1998 a t the Norfolk, Virginia, Naval Base. The USS Guam is the third Navy vessel named after Guam. (Palomo, 1999)JAPANESE OCCUPATION On December 10, 1941, Guam surrendered to the Japanese South Seas separation after a valiant defensive struggle by the islands Insular Force Guard and a limited number of U. S. Marines. Guam became the notwithstanding populated U. S. demesne to be occupied by another rude in World War II. Guam was renamed Omiya Jima and for 31 months, the people of Guam were forcibly subjected to impossible hardships administered by the Japanese military. Although some measure of religious practice and business activities were permitted, atrocities, grenade slaughters and rapes were common.The 29th Division of Japans Kwantung Army established intentness camps and approximately 600 Chamorros were executed. (Rogers, 1995, pp. 163-181) Some Chamorros were beheaded when the Japanese acquire of the 3-year humanitarian effort by Chamorros to successfully feed and cut throu gh U. S. Navy radioman George Tweed, who escaped in the initial invasion. Tweeds counteract is a popular boonie stomping destination on Guam today. (Babuata, 2009) Many landmarks of the Japanese occupation, including gun emplacements and tunnels can still be seen around the island of Guam. LIBERATION AND U. S. TERRITORIAL STATUSRecord tonnage duty of naval bombardment in which thousands of Japanese and Chamorros marked the thrust for the liberation of Guam missed their lives and the city of Hagatna was nearly destroyed. American forces landed on July 21, 1944 at Asan and Agat beaches. In honor of the bravery and sacrifices of all those who participated in the Pacific Theater of World War II, including soldiers, sailors and marines of the United States, Japan, Australia, Canada, China, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and the Soviet Union, the landing area has been designated as the War in the Pacific home(a) Historic Park. During the following bitter three week campaign, 7,000 U. S. and 11,000 Japanese lives were lost before Guam was reclaimed and once again under American administration. (Aguon, 2009) Today, July 21st, Guam venting Day, is a major Guam holiday. All government offices and most businesses are disagreeable as the island celebrates with daylong fiestas and a parade down Marine army corps drive in Hagatna. Because of its strategic position, Guam was used as a rule post for U. S. Western Pacific operations until the War came to an end in 1945. On May 30, 1946, the U. S. Naval Government was re-established.Although concluded over 50 years ago, World War II still exerts a major influence on Guam. Relics and evidence of the War are still evident all across the island and divers can survey wrecks of Japanese, American, German and other ships and airplanes under Guams warm clear waters. On January 24, 1972, the last Japanese World War II holdout, Sergeant Shoichi Yokoi, was discovered in the weaken in which he had been hid ing since his unit was scattered by the pass on Americans in July 1944. Sergeant Yokois cave at Talofofo falls has been keep as a popular attraction for visitors. (Aguon, 2009) As the Westernmost U.S. soil in the Pacific, Guam today remains a strategic outpost for the U. S. military. In 1949, U. S. President Harry S. Truman signed the Organic Act making Guam an unorganised territory of the United States with limited self-governing authority and granting American citizenship to the people of Guam. In 1962, security clearance requirement for travel to Guam, which had been in place since World War II, were lifted permitting Guams economy to flourish and enterprisingness an influx of new residents of divers(prenominal) nationalities and races such as Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Chinese, Indian, Pacific Islanders nd Caucasian. (Rogers, 1995) CULTURE The core of Guam culture, the Chamorro, is characterized by a complex social communications protocol centered upon find, caring, accep ting and helping one another. Inafamaolek, or interdependence, is a central value in Chamorro culture that depends on a spirit of cooperation. historiographer Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, In a Chamorro sense, the land and its produce belong to everyone. This is the armature, or core, that everything in Chamorro culture revolves around. It is a powerful concern for mutuality quite an than individualism and private property rights. The culture is visibly manifested in the kiss of the touchs of elders, passing of legends, music, dance, chants, courtship rituals, handicrafts, burial rituals, preparation of herbal medicines, and requesting amnesty from spiritual ancestors when entering a jungle. Glimpses of Guam culture are evident in local legends and folklore such as the taotaomona (ancient spirits), doomed lovers leaping to their death off Two Lovers Point (Puntan Dos Amentes), and Sirena, a scenic young girl who became a mermaid. Guam edict and Culture end up Report, 20 10) The Spanish occupation was based on conquest and conversion to save the gentile souls, implemented by force, which nearly resulted in the total extermination of the pure Chamorro race. However, the Spanish failed to recognize that the Chamorro culture was matrilineal and largely ignored the influence of the Chamorro women, which likely accounts for the fact that the Chamorro culture has endured to this day. The greatest influence of the Spanish over Guams culture was through the Catholic Church, which has, since the 17th century, been the center of village activity.Today, every village has its patron saint whose feast day is celebrated with an elaborate fiesta, to which the entire island is invited. These fiestas, whereupon by duty, extended families contribute food and work to cook for the village guests remain a key attribute of the culture of Guam till this day. Chamorro society emphasizes respect for the elderly. The practice ofmanngingi (to smell) entails sniffing the righ t hand of an elderly person to express ones deep regard. Before colonial rule, Chamorros recognized the power and authority of clan elders.Informal positions of authority were granted to elders who commanded the respect of their clan members. Elders could pool the labor and material resources of their clans in times of need. (Guam Society and Culture Complete Report, 2010) Today thousands of tourist visit the island to experience a blend of Spanish, Micronesian, Asian and western influences that have inhabited Guam for the past ccc years. The experience of the islands history and living traditions when you visit historic sites or by sampling some of the islands delicious food.In conclusion, because Guam is the because island in the pacific, and a strategic point in the pacific, it is a valuable territory that volition always be secured by America and very much hold deard. Although, the natives appreciate the Americas presence and Guams current political status on the island, they are still fighting for a lot of the original land to be returned to original landowners. The natives endured many struggles from Spain and Japan in order for the island to be what it is today.The diverse influence that started from the Spanish era, the Japanese occupation, and then the liberation from the Americans is what makes the Chamorro culture very unique. The new generation is fighting to preserve what is left of the islands history, and many organizations are working to promote the culture through song and music. References Aguon, Katherine, PhD and Palomo, Tony. WWII From trading to Liberation, referenced April 12, 2011, 2009 Guampedia, URL http//guampedia. com/wwii-from-occupation-to-liberation/ Babauta, Leo. George Tweed, referenced April 11, 2011, 2009 Guampedia, URL http//guampedia. om/george-tweed/ Ballendorf, Dirk & Foster, Sophie. Guam. (2011). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved from http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/247691/Guam Coomans, Fr. Peter. ( 1997). History of the Mission in the Mariana Islands 1667 1673. Occasional Historical Papers serial publication No. 4. Translated and edited by Rodrigue Levesque. Saipan, CMDivision of Historic conservation Cunningham, Lawrence J. Beaty, Janice J. 2001 A History of Guam. Hagatna, GU Bess Press Guam Society and Culture Complete Report. World Trade Press Date Published 2010 LC Call subroutine DU647 ISBN 9781607804727 Naval Station Guam.Chief Quipuha (Ke puha) Statue. Retrieved April 09,2011 from http//ns. gov. gu/quipua. html Palomo, Antonio. The Guam Bell. Referenced April 14, 2011. 1999 Guam. org, URL http//guam. org. gu/guambell/ Rogers, Robert F. (1995). Destinys Landfall A History of Guam. Honolulu, HI University of Hawaii Press. Under the Organic Act 1950-1970 224-232 Smith, J. (2004). Martin Luther. In L. McDonald (ed. ), Encyclopedia of science and religion. Babson Press. Retrieved November 20, 2003, from http//www. scireligion. com/ml Suarez, doubting Thomas (1999). Early Mapping of Southeast Asia. Singapore Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

Needs of American Cities for Policing Policy

In analyzing the necessitate of Ameri drop cities for policing policy for the future, melt down has to be considered in the equation. Researchers none that it is not possible to ignore the variable of lead when describing the nature of policing in the United States. This includes swithers to develop a society policing concept, and step on it enters both for policing in the nonage connection and for the representation policing does or does not practice racial profiling so as to antagonize the nonage club. In much of America, relations between the patrol and the Afri gutter-Ameri underside confederation fuck off long been tense.In some regions, the police argon viewed as an occupying army present not to protect the people but to project them and to clutches them in their place. Numerous civil disturbances in recent decades arsehole be traced to tensions between the police and the menacing community, from the riots of the summer of 1965 to the riot in Los Angeles sub sequently the first Rodney King verdict, from the problems in Crown Heights in New York to any number of disputed police shooting incidents in cities across the country.Even without a specific incident to set strike a disturbance, on that point is oft periods an implicit in(p) tension between short contraband communities and the surrounding society, with the police serving as a symbolization of that society The very complex, diffuse, interrelated, but still independent nature of the social, political, and sparing institutions within Ameri after part society, supported by layers and layers of world and private bureaucracies often manipulated by elusive, anonymous power brokers, perpetu eithery frustrate the attempts of desolate Americans to modify and reorder societal arrangements in their favor.Therefore, the system is identified as the culprit (Wintersmith, 1974, p. 2). The fact that the police are the most likely target for black hostility and aggression, however, doe s not mean blacks do not have a real reason to fear the police or the rallying call of constabulary and order For dusky Americans this slogan connotes oppression, police occupation of Black communities, inequitable and selective police treatment, disregard for human and constitutional rights of Black citizens, and continued denial of equitable opportunity (Wintersmith, 1974, p. ).Community Policing is a course of instruction that links the actions of the police with citizen air divisionicipation as part of an overall effort to solve the problems of the community by involving the community, and such(prenominal) an approach can support inform the habitual and gain public acceptance for the nonage let program a well. The community policing model is based on that pattern of assumption and on the view that crime has many complex causes and that police segments cannot keep the streets safe by themselves.If crime is to be controlled, police must reach out to different local i nstitutions, and indeed to the broader community at large, and create partnerships. Among the features of such a program are integrated investigations, aggroup and approximation rather than a shift and divisional basis for officeholder deployment, foot patrols, and community service as a focus along with problem-oriented policing instead of mere crime-fighting.Programs of this sort mean a different grammatical construction for the police as well as altered functions, allocations of resources, and popular attitude. This can be a challenge to tralatitious police department structures because the traditional method is to respond to citizen demand rather than to try to as certain(a) the underlying racks creating patterns of problems. The community policing method is proactive rather than responsive. The approach in addition calls care to the point in time to which the police are dependent on the public for support, information, and cooperation.A recent study suggests that the benefits of community policing may have been oversold to the public, but there are withal indications that community policing inevitably to be given time to work and that the police and the community must be cope much homely with one another to create a better atmosphere (Moran & adenine Bucqueroux, 1995, p. 1057). One way for the police to learn more about the neighborhood and the residents is to be residents themselves. Requiring officers to pull through in the community is seen as a way of enhancing the community policing effort in a variety of ways and of adding to the comfort level on both sides.Police and citizens should see themselves as part of the same community. Informal and casual contact between police officers and the public occurs at different rates in different communities. Often, members of the public keep their distance from police officers out of concern that they will be investigated or somehow drawn into police activity or because of a general distrust of the police American studies show high social isolation of police officers in comparison with people in other occupations (Guyot, 1991, p. 279). approximately see the police as having isolated themselves intentionally, leaving them open to charges of ab utilize their liberty by coming into neighborhoods in which they have no stake and using their power unwisely. Community policing is seen as a way of reversing this. Wilson and Kelling (1989) note of crime, nearly crime in most neighborhoods is local the offenders live near their victims (Wilson & antiophthalmic factor Kelling, 1989, p. 46). This makes people in these neighborhoods feel less safe, just as they can be made to feel more safe if police offices live in the neighborhood.The officers need to be comfortable with the victims and to understand the perpetrators, and living in the community they serve. Bringing more minorities into the police department is also often emphasized as a way to reach and include the black communit y. The good model for bringing new hires into the department and for finding more qualified minorities is curement rather than hiring. Most departments emphasize hiring, which means that applicants come in on their own and ask to join the department, after which they are evaluated.Recruitment involves seeking out qualified applicants and selling the idea and the department to them. This is a practice approach that can be conducted throughout the community, for individuals of all backgrounds, and this also avoids the quota stigma while including more minorities by identifying those who would fit the needs of the department. This still leaves a barrier in the form of the requirements for qualification, which need to be more flexible in order to emphasize training after acceptance rather than having the skills needed before applying.This idea would also hunt the reach of the recruiter more deeply into minority groups (Carter & Radelet, 1999, p. 173). The development of a proper p lan for implementing recruiting means determining need on several(prenominal) bases, including short-term needs, medium-term needs, and long-term needs. For all, the department needs to develop a selling plan for recruiting that includes operational, tactical, and strategic objectives (Carter & Radelet, 1999, pp. 174-175).Developing a plan for hiring more minority officers can begin with analyzing what other departments have done to call in the same issue, and some of what is found in a survey on the subject includes good recommendations for an approach to take. For instance, an Action Plan offered by the department in the Canadian city of Brantford includes noting that the minorities already in the department can be a great help in recruiting new minority hires by serving as the face of the department in certain communities.For instance, these officers can be depicted in recruitment materials in the law enforcement role whenever possible to encourage potential female and visib le minority candidates. These officers can also be used to give active rise for the recruitment of potential candidates. They can also represent the department at high schools, colleges, and universities to attract potential candidates through continued participation in such things as the student co-op placement program, anti-vandalism program, and the High teach Resource Officer program.These officers can also work with groups in the community representing the community diversity to build relationships and encourage potential candidates, which will also involve sitting on police liaison committees and hosting Citizenship Court (Recruiting Process, 2004). Allen (2003) suggests that the moreover way to keep police departments focused on minority hiring is by instituting an affirmative action program, but given recent court rulings and public attitudes, that is not a viable solution. Allen does note that keeping up with minority hiring is a problem because what is required always swaps, as noted with address to mesa, ArizonaThe minority population is slowly yet steadily increasing. both the increase in population and changes in ethnic demographics have bear upon the citys public safety needs and contribute to the departments difficulty in turn more diverse (Allen, 2003). Among the problems noted for programs to hire more minorities are fortress from within from officers who feel threatened by change, community resistance, suits from those who believe they have been the target of reverse discrimination, and simple difficulties in finding qualified applicants.Programs recyclable in police hiring can be adapted to the specific needs of minority hiring. In order to correct the quality of police recruits in general, programs have been set up at the college and university levels in order to recruit better-educated officers. Such programs can be used effectively at traditionally back colleges and universities in order to garner attention and attract minority recruits from that population. Such an approach would also be key to bringing in more recruits who would be good candidates for promotional material in order to improve the mix in managerial roles.One of the complaints leveled at some departments when they use affirmative action for minority hiring is that the level of recruits goes down, but this would not be the case with recruits attracted from minority colleges. Within the department, a mentor program can be created to empower existing minority officers to give assistance, training, and advice to new recruits, a program that would help all officers and the department as a in all and that would also be especially useful for keeping new minority hires on track so they do not get deter and resign, as often happens.The mentors also serve as role models of what advancement brings. Once the department is on it way to a more varied and advanced status, it can offer inducements to minority officers from other departments to transfer . This can be another way of gaining qualified recruits, especially for the management level, as such a move up can be offered as the incentive that attracts them in the first place. They can then serve as mentors to other minority applicants and help expand the reach of the department.Their experience can also be invaluable. Once these programs are in place, they must be hold in order to keep the department fresh, at a proper level of minority employment, and at a high level of community involvement and service and a high level of overall competence. The degree of change in the department in wrong of the makeup of the force will show how well the program is working, just as conventionality evaluations of the work performance of new hires and old will show that the change is beneficial to the department.This analysis shows that there is a need to consider race first in terms of the community and second in terms of the make-up of the police force. In both cases, this is because ra ce remains a dividing issue and one that is exacerbated by most poling programs. Community policing offers at least(prenominal) the chance of improving the system and reducing both the threat to the community and antipathy from the community.

Short-Term Memory: The Second Stage in Memory Processing

Introduction to psychology Psychology 101, Section 8 October 26, 2010 Short-Term retention The short-run computer retrospect is the lead to our long lasting recollects. Short-term storehouse is the second stage in the storage processing (Huffman). The short-term holding is the part of the storehouse that temporarily stores and processes training from the sensory stock and holds it until it decides if the culture will be sent to the third stage or long-run memory (Huffman). The short-term memory stores a mixture of perceptual analyses nurture (Huffman).The short-term memory works in distinguishable ways to development its undersize qualification it uses rehearsal and chunking to be able to remember more functions at once (Huffman). Rehearsal is when a mortal repeats nurture over and over again to nurture it fresh in the memory and chunking is chemical grouping infract pieces of knowledge into a single group (Huffman). The short-term memory is also known as th e working memory because its always receiving tuition from the sensory memory and sending to the long memory (Huffman).I will be discussing the difference in the midst of short-term memory and long-term memory, the theory of spoil, and the working memory. Difference The main difference among short-term memory and long-term memory is the capacity that each virtuoso has. According to Michael E. Martinez the two memories work together a cognitive computer architecture or the minds basic structure. In the short-term memory a person stick out only think of a a few(prenominal) ideas at a time (Martinez). one of the characteristics of the short-term memory is that is low-spirited comp ar to the long-term memory which has a larger capacity (Martinez).Information flows between the short-term memory to the long-term memory, depending on the direction and different kinds of thinking results (Martinez). Short-term memory is the route entry to long-term memory or the holding template until the long-term memory processes are complete (Lewis). One ex angstromle the Martinez gives is when information flows from short-term memory into long-term memory it produces learning. When information leaves flows from long-term memory back to short-term memory is called recognition or recall, which happens whenever we think about a previously known fact, person, or force (Martinez).Each memory has its owe limitations the short-term memory has a small capacity making it hard to think about many things at once, while the long-term memory does not record experience whole and accurately (Martinez). Unlike the long-term memory the short-term memory has chunking, which allows the short-term memory to hold more and more information. The capacity does not pitch exactly chunk grows in complexity which allows the short-term memory to consider more data (Martinez). DecayDecay is a theory that has a long chronicle in accounting for forgetting (Berman, Jonides, and Lewis). This is sa id to happen because as time passes, information in the memory erodes and is less available for retrieval (Berman, Jonides, and Lewis). Berman, Jonides, and Lewis present different experiment to take if radioactive decay is a cause of forgetting. One engage that they present is the classic study of Peterson and Peterson (1959) Consider the classic study of Peterson and Peterson (1959), earlier thought to provide strong evidence for decay.In this experiment, participants were given a earn trigram to store, followed by a retention interval that varied from 3 to 18 s. During the retention interval, participants were required to count backward by threes to prevent rehearsal of the memorandum. Following the retention interval, participants recalled the spot in memory. Peterson and Peterson found that slaying declined as retention intervals increased, and the authors attributed this decline to change magnitude decay of the memory trace with increasing time.The attribution of this effects to decay mechanism is, however, suspect. The arguments that counting backward could not be a source of interference because their secondary proletariat differed from the item to be stored in memory (Berman, Jonides, and Lewis). But the case is that counting labor movement requires short-term memory retention, which is the main memory task (Berman, Jonides, and Lewis). Another worry in assessing the role of decay on short-term memory is the prevalent tendency of rehearse materials that are to retain (Berman, Jonides, and Lewis).An example that Berman, Jonides, Lewis give is when we savour up a phone number in the directory and then toss to the phone, we rehearse the number in our head until it is dialed. They are trying to shape up up with different techniques to prevent rehearsal, to get an accurate gauge of whether decay has an effect on memory (Berman, Jonides, and Lewis). Working Memory Theory found search has revealed that working memory is a system that allow s a person to maintain task terminuss, update memory to meet current demands, and to separate memory to form relationships (Shelton, Matthews, Hill, and Gouvier).The working memory is also referred to a oecumenical purpose system that is responsible for the active task or goal pertinent information while simultaneously processing other information (Unsworth, Spillers, and Brewer). The general purpose system includes problem solving, interlingual rendition, coordination and planning, and the basic intellectual functions, which leads to research on the capacity of the working memory (Unsworth, Spillers, and Brewer). Beginning with Daneman and Carpenter (1980), some researchers have utilized complex working memory span tasks in which to-be-remembered items are interspersed with some processing activity. For nstance, in the reading span task participants attempt to remember words or letters while reading and comprehending sentences. These tasks can be contrasted with simple memory span tasks in which TBR items are presented without any additional processing activities.The complex span tasks nicely usurp the idea that the of processing and storage are needed to fully project the essence of working memory and tap its capacity. Furthermore, these tasks can be employ to estimate an individuals working memory capacity and examine the correlation between this capacity and other important cognitive abilities (Unsworth, Spillers, and Brewer). The mathematical that the complex span tasks do not file overall resources abilities but rather that the processing task displaces items from the working memory (Unsworth, Spillers, and Brewer). Also accord to the task-switching view, a person may place an item in the working memory, and a rapid switching mechanism is needed to refresh the item before it is lost delinquent to decay (Unsworth, Spillers, and Brewer). The faster the information can be complete and switch back to decaying representations, the better the overa ll performance will be (Unsworth, Spillers, and Brewer).There is also a difference in the heart of capacity from individual to individual (Unsworth, Spillers, and Brewer). There are two components that individuals may differ on first component is the need to actively maintain information over the short term and the second is the need to encounter information that could not be actively maintain due to a large number of incoming items (Unsworth, Spillers, and Brewer). The short-term memory has its mysteries due to the amount of information that one can keep and pass on.One thing is for sure is that without it we will not know what information are relevant for one to keep or decay. Now one can generalise the relationship and difference between short-term and long-term memory, the theory of decay, and why the short-term memory is the working memory.References Berman, M. , Jonides, J. , & Lewis, R. (2009). In search of decay in verbal short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psyc hology Learning, Memory, and Cognition,35(2), 317-333. inside10. 1037/a0014873. Retrieved from Academic research necropsy database. Huffman, K. (2010). Memory,(9th ed. Psychology in action. (242-275) Hoboken, NJ flush toilet Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lewis, D. (1979). Psychobiology of active and inactive memory. Psychological Bulletin,86(5), 1054-1083. doi10. 1037/0033-2909. 86. 5. 1054. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Martinez, M. (2010). Human Memory The Basics. Phi Delta Kappan,91(8), 62-65. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Shelton, J. , Elliott, E. , Matthews, R. , Hill, B. , & Gouvier, W. (2010). The relationships of working memory, secondary memory, and general fluid intelligenceWorking memory is special. Journal of Experimental PsychologyLearning, Memory, and Cognition,36(3), 813-820. doi10. 1037/a0019046. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database. Unsworth, N. , Spillers, G. , & Brewer, G. (2010). The contributions of primary and s econdary memory to working memory capacity An individual differences analysis of immediate free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning, Memory, and Cognition,36(1), 240-247. doi10. 1037/a0017739. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.

Love or Fame: Which is More Important?

The issue regarding which is to a vaster extent important, applaud and family ties or fame and political advocate be issues that atomic number 18 always present in either generation. Well, which is really more important that we should devote our lives in search for the more important amour? Is blood really thicker than water? It is a essential topic in which persons have different experiences and stand ab step to the fore the area matter. This paper aims to answer this question by referring to three different epical plays Oedipus the fagot and Antigone by Sophocles, and Aeneid by Virgil. It is as well important to look at the mensurates and actions displayed by the characters of the stories and to analyze whether they are still applicable in our contemporary time.In the story of Antigone, Haemon must convey between her beloved for Antigone and the fame and political power that await him if he obeys his father. Now Haemon is facing a dilemma because of the conflict betw een his love and his father. The aforementioned(prenominal)(p) choice goes for Antigone for she wants to face her br other(a) the honor of being buried in the right way. However, doing so would mean that she must disobey King Creons order. Disobeying the tabby does not nevertheless collide with the opportunity to be the princess by marrying the kings son, Haemon, but her own bread and butter as well. only if Antigone and Haemon decided to observe their hearts. In the end, Antigone killed herself. Knowing that his love is death, Haemon also decided to end his heart.Thus, their economic value for their love ones cost them their own lives. However, they still gain the respect and beneficence of the large number of Thebes. It tin can be said that the actions of Antigone and Haemon are not applicable in our present time. Although thither are several movies that portray the same idea, this rarely happen in reality. It is a very rare chemise in which l bothwheres decided to end their lives since it is impossible for them to be unneurotic. They can be ascertained as martyrs rather than heroes because of the act.Antigone also displays the loving of endurance and determination that is greatly needed in our ordering today. Although she is a woman, she defies the odds and even the king for what she believes is right. Adding to the fact that she lives in the period when woman are considered inferior to man. This kind of courageousness is really needed by the present generation. Not only woman but men as well that have the courage to stand up and are willing to sacrifice their own lives in order to make a change.Today, although woman are accepted by our society and are said to be equal to men, there are still some times that they are horror-struck to speak out and fight for their rights. Also both men and women are sometimes hunted to question some of the things that they find unjust in the society. They are afraid to face the consequences and are unw illing to make a change to advance social order. This characteristic is really needed in our society today, the courage to fight for what is right even if the whole society is against us. If only there are those like Antigone that are willing to give it all in order to make a change, Im sure that our society will be a better place to live.On the other hand, King Creon cannot consider himself victorious. His persistence and determination to exercise his power over the people of Thebes had a considerably great cost. Not only had he lost the sympathy of the people of Thebes and the approval of the gods but the life of his son and wife as well. His authority blinded him and the result is loosing the persons that he value the most. If our present leaders will demonstrate the same reason and demeanor like that of King Creon, the people will surely revolt and take their powers and authority away and give it to someone more deserving and just. The people will surely not tolerate such(pren ominal) actions.In the Aeneid, Dido travel in love with Aeneas. They live together that makes Dido thinks that they are really husbands and wives. However, due to Aeneas vision of fleshing a great city, he left Dido. Thus, Dido killed herself employ Aeneas own sword. This action by Dido can also be considered as inappropriate in our time. Having that wealth and power is what everyone wants and throwing it all away together with your life is a very foolish thing to do. The same thing also goes for Aeneas, staying beside Dido ensures that a good future awaits him.No one would boldness to exchange a wealthy living to a future that is unfamiliar especially fix upting his or her own life on the line. But Aeneas is in search of greater glory and power. He rents his desire to build a steady city. Indeed, he was able to build a great city and fulfill his destiny. He was a successful warrior, leader and fall apart and was able to fulfill a great vision. Still, things had not been ea sy for him. He also lost some of his love ones including his beloved wife and father.On the story of Oedipus, Oedipus chooses love over power. Although his known father Polybus is the King of Corinth, Oedipus decided to ran away from Corinth, sacrificing his title as the prince and the opportunity to be the future king. The business concern of killing his father and marrying his mother had been the basis of his actions. In order to protect the people that he loves and to thwart the destiny that had been foretold about him, Oedipus lost everything that can be considered of great value, the easy and good life that he has in Corinth. In the end, he blinded himself and left Thebes without anything because of the words that he had habituated and as a punishment for all that he had do. Today, such punishment is not applicable and no one will also have the courage to do such thing. There are so many ways in which you can pay the wrong things that you had done and doing something like w hat Oedipus did is something unimaginable. Death would be more acceptable than to suffer in the same way like Oedipus suffers.In the case of Queen Jocasta and King Creon, no one would abandon his or her child because of a prophecy. Abandoning a child at an early age is a very grave thing to do. Yes there are times that we consult things like tarot reading, fortune telling an the likes in search for the answers to our questions about the future, but these visions are never considered as the primary basis of making decisions especially when life is involve.The respect given by the characters to the members of their family is also needed in the contemporary time. Today, youths are said to be losing respect especially to their parents whom they owe everything. honour is a very important component of building a firm family ties. Also, respect for the authorities is needed in building a strong nation. Conflicts and wars arise because of the lost of respect to those who have the authorit y and to the right of every individual to live a peaceful life.In the three stories, those who value their family and love ones so much ended up in misfortune. The same thing goes for those who wanted to protect and achieve power. Thus, to search for love and for power both have negative consequences. To pursue love means to put your own life in the line and to face several hardships, to pursue power means to endanger the lives of the persons that you love and be left alone.Whether to choose love and family over fame and political power is really a freehanded decision. You cannot have the best of both worlds. To pursue love means to let go of powers and fame and vise versa. Also we cannot really determine which is important, whether to choose love and family ties over fame and power depends upon the situation.What is important is that we do not only consider our own benefit in making the right decision. Also the stories denominate that to pursue love and power is not wrong, howeve r living your life to attain just one of them is sure to cost you a lot. In making a decision we should both consider the heart and as well as the mind in order to come up with the right decision.ReferenceGradeSaver LLC,. (2007). The Aeneid. Retrieved December 8, 2007 fromhttp//www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/aeneid/fullsumm.htmlGradeSaver LLC,. (2007). Oedipus the King. Retrieved December 8, 2007 fromhttp//www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/oedipus/section3.htmlGradeSaver LLC,. (2007). Antigone. Retrieved December 8, 2007 fromhttp//www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/titles/antigone/section3.html