Cognitive Development of an Infant and Toddler Essay

Piaget based the sensorimotor stage on his observations of his own children The bank bill Reactiona. Circular reactions atomic number 18 the means by which infants explore the environment and build schemes by move to repeat chance events caused by their own motor bodily function. b. These reactions atomic number 18 primary centered on the infants own body. Subsequently, they change to manipulating physical aspirations and and so to producing novel effects in the environment.Substage 1 Reflexive Schemes a. Piaget regarded newborn reflexes as the building blocks of sensorimotor intelligence. b. At first, babies suck, grasp, and take in in much the selfsame(prenominal) way, no matter what the circumstances.Substage 2 Primary Circular Reactions-The First wise to(p) Adaptations a. Infants develop simple motor skills and change their carriage in repartee to environmental demands. b. The first circular reactions are primary in that they are oriented towards the infants own b odies and motivated by basic needs.Substage 3 secondary winding Circular Reactions-Making Interesting Sights Last a. Circular reactions of this substage are secondary in that the infants repeat actions that affect the environment. b. Infants can imitate actions that they have practiced umteen times.Substage 4 Coordination of Secondary Circular Reaction a. Intentional, or goal directed, way is the combination of schemes to solve problems. b. Piaget regarded meansend action sequences as the first sign that babies consider physical causality. c. Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist when they are out of sight it is not yet complete in this substage. d. AB search errors are committed by infants in this substage. Infants 8- to 12-months-old only look for an object in hiding place A after the object is moved from A to hiding place B.Substage 5 Tertiary Circular Reactions-Discovering New Means by means of ActiveExperimentation a. Circular reactions in this substage are tertiary in that the infant repeats actions with variation-exploring the environment and bringing about new outcomes. b. Experimentation leads to a more advanced understanding of object permanence. Toddlers no longer make the AB search error.Substage 6 mental Representation-Inventing New Means Through Mental Combinations a. mental representations are ingrained images of absent objects and past events. b. The toddler can now solve problems through symbolic means instead of trial-and-error. c. Representation allows deferred imitation-the ability to copy the behavior of models that are not immediately present. d. Functional play is motor activity with or without objects during the first year and a half in which sensorimotor schemes are practiced. e. At the end of the second year, representation permits toddlers to engage in make-believe play.